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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Saturday, 26 June 21
KOSPO INVITED BIDS FOR 480,000 MT OF COAL PER ANNUM
COALspot.com: Korea Southern Power Co., Ltd. (KOSPO) has issued an International tender for total 480,000 MT of NCV 1 Min. 5,600 (Spec 1) /Min. 5,0 ...
Thursday, 24 June 21
FEBRUARY'S INCREASE IN COAL-FIRED ELECTRIC GENERATION REDUCED U.S. COAL STOCKPILES - EIA
Coal stockpiles at U.S. power plants decreased significantly from December 2020 to February 2021, including a draw of nearly 16 million tons in Feb ...
Wednesday, 23 June 21
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
The first half of 2021 has brought a very sharp and continued recovery in the dry bulk market and while many where expecting a relatively strong ma ...
Thursday, 17 June 21
2020 PROVED TO BE A TRULY TERRIBLE YEAR FOR GLOBAL SEABORNE COAL TRADE; CHINA'S COAL IMPORTS - BANCHERO COSTA
2020 proved to be a truly terrible year for global seaborne coal trade.
Total global loadings in the 12 months of 2020 were down -12 ...
Thursday, 17 June 21
FITCH RATINGS RAISES SHORT-TERM OIL AND GAS PRICE ASSUMPTIONS
Fitch Ratings has increased its 2021 and 2022 oil price assumptions for the Brent and West Texas Intermediate (WTI) benchmarks due to stronger year ...
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- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
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- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
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- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
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- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
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- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
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- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Minerals Council of Australia
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- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
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- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
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- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- MS Steel International - UAE
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Australian Coal Association
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
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- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
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