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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Wednesday, 30 June 21
BUMA SIGNED MINING AGREEMENT WITH ADARO
PT Delta Dunia Makmur Tbk. announced that its subsidiary, PT Bukit Makmur Mandiri Utama ("BUMA"), has entered into an agreement for the p ...
Wednesday, 30 June 21
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
The strong freight performance since the beginning of year has continued for the dry bulk market with earnings being at the highest level in over a ...
Monday, 28 June 21
MINISTRY OF ENERGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES OF INDONESIA THREATENS TO REVOKE 2,350 MINING BUSINESS PERMITS
The Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources said that the revocation of mining business permits was in accordance with President Jokowi's inst ...
Sunday, 27 June 21
INDONESIA'S STATE-OWNED UTILITY PLN'S 2060 NET ZERO AMBITION NOT WITHOUT FLAWS AND GAPS - IEEFA
Indonesia on the right emissions reduction pathway but same old coal stories persist
Recent announcements by Indonesia’s state-owned uti ...
Saturday, 26 June 21
COAL PRICES HIT DECADE HIGH DESPITE EFFORTS TO WEAN THE WORLD OFF CARBON - WSJ
Rebounding electricity usage and scanty rainfall in China have added fuel to the rally
Coal prices have climbed to their highest lev ...
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- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- The University of Queensland
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- PTC India Limited - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- White Energy Company Limited
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
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