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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Thursday, 01 July 21
WHY INDIA’S SOLAR POWER TARIFFS ARE CLIMBING AFTER HITTING RECORD LOWS LAST YEAR - IEEFA
What’s behind the recent increase?
Solar tariffs are deflationary. Prices have fallen by 75% in seven years in India, and in 2 ...
Thursday, 01 July 21
END TO COAL POWER BROUGHT FORWARD TO OCTOBER 2024
Press Release: The deadline to phase out coal from Great Britain's energy system has been brought forward by a whole year, highlighting the UK& ...
Thursday, 01 July 21
WHY BUILD 600 NEW UNPROFITABLE COAL PLANTS? - DEUTSCHE WELLE
Governments in Asia are planning 600 new coal plants that could lose investors $150 billion and derail efforts to limit temperature rise in line wi ...
Thursday, 01 July 21
FIVE ASIAN COUNTRIES ACCOUNT FOR 80% OF NEW COAL POWER INVESTMENT - THE GUARDIAN
Five Asian countries are jeopardising global climate ambitions by investing in 80% of the world’s planned new coal plants, according to a rep ...
Wednesday, 30 June 21
DELTA DUNIA MAKMUR RECORDED AN IMPROVED REVENUE IN Q1 2021; REVENUE INCREASED BY 49% QOQ TO US$160 MILLION ON THE BACK OF COAL PRICE RECOVERY
PT Delta Dunia Makmur Tbk. (“DOID”) released its consolidated financial and operating results that include its primary and wholly-owned ...
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- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- The University of Queensland
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- White Energy Company Limited
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Planning Commission, India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
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