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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Friday, 09 July 21
CAN WE EXPECT AFFORDABLE POWER SUPPLY BY REPLACING COAL BASED POWER WITH LNG? - FINANCIAL EXPRESS
Bangladesh government’s recent decision to cancel the contracts for 10 coal fired power plants in late June 2021 has invited interest in the ...
Thursday, 08 July 21
STRONGEST HALF YEAR FOR SHIPPING MARKETS SINCE 2008 - CLARKSONS
A year on from peak trade disruption, we update our half year report for the shipping industry profiling a strong recovery and some exceptional ind ...
Tuesday, 06 July 21
INDONESIA COAL PRICE REFERENCE RISES TO 112 MONTHS HIGH IN JULY 2021; 121.15% HIGHER COMPARED TO THAT IN JULY 2020 PRICE
COALspot.com: The Indonesia coal price reference for July 2021 fixed at US$ 115.35 per ton FOB vessel.
The Indonesia coal price referenc ...
Tuesday, 06 July 21
INDONESIAN COAL EXPORTS FELL BY 37% YOY IN 1Q21 DUE TO ADVERSE WEATHER CONDITIONS - FITCH RATINGS
Chinese coal imports declined by 25% yoy in 5M21as a result of both restrictions on Australian coal and the high base in 2020. Import volume in Jan ...
Tuesday, 06 July 21
INDONESIAN 4,200 INDEX HAS ALSO INCREASED TO OVER USD50 PER TONNE SINCE MAY THIS YEAR REFLECTING STRONG CHINESE IMPORT DEMAND - FITCH RATINGS
Price Surge Since March
APAC thermal coal has resumed its price surge since March this year. The benchmark Newcastle 6,000kcal/kg grade c ...
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- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- The University of Queensland
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- PTC India Limited - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Parliament of New Zealand
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
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