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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Sunday, 11 July 21
COAL SHOWS ITS STAYING POWER AS ECONOMIES BOUNCE BACK - THE WALL STREET JOURNAL
Coal use is surging in some of the world’s largest economies as electricity demand rebounds from the pandemic, illustrating the challenges to ...
Sunday, 11 July 21
ROBUST CHINA COAL DEMAND AMID AUSTRALIA IMPORT BAN FUELS PRICE RALLY - REUTERS
Seaborne coal has become a quiet winner among energy commodities, lacking the attention of higher-profile crude oil and liquefied natural gas (LNG) ...
Saturday, 10 July 21
OVERESTIMATED LCOES OF COAL-FIRED POWER PLANTS CREATE A FINANCIAL BUBBLE - IEEFA
Massive stranded asset risk detrimentally affects the financial and power distribution
India’s future coal-fired power project pipeline ...
Friday, 09 July 21
EIA FORECASTS COAL’S GENERATION SHARE IN U.S TO RISE FROM 20% IN 2020 TO 24% THIS YEAR BUT TO FALL TO 22% NEXT YEAR
The July Short-Term Energy Outlook (STEO) of EIA remains subject to heightened levels of uncertainty related to the ongoing economic recovery from ...
Friday, 09 July 21
KOREA SOUTH-EAST POWER CO., LTD. INVITES BIDS FOR 1.86 MILLION TONS OF COAL OF 5600 & 4000 NCV COAL FOR THREE YEARS
COALspot.com: South Korea’s KOREA SOUTH-EAST POWER CO., LTD. (KOEN) has issued an international tender for 280,000 – 300,000 MT of Min. ...
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- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Planning Commission, India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- The University of Queensland
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Australian Coal Association
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
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