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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Saturday, 17 July 21
COAL PRICES TRADE AT DECADE HIGH OF $140 PER TONNE, HERE ARE SOME FACTORS AT PLAY: CNBC-TV18
Coal prices are trading at $140 per tonne. In the last one week, coal has seen more than 8 percent gains; the last one month has seen 24 percent ju ...
Thursday, 15 July 21
U.S. FOSSIL FUEL CONSUMPTION FELL BY 9% IN 2020, THE LOWEST LEVEL IN NEARLY 30 YEARS - EIA
U.S. fossil fuel consumption fell by 9% in 2020, the lowest level in nearly 30 years
In 2020, total consumption of fossil fuels in t ...
Thursday, 15 July 21
IN 2020, U.S. COAL PRODUCTION FELL TO ITS LOWEST LEVEL SINCE 1965 - EIA
U.S. coal production totaled 535 million short tons (MMst) in 2020, a 24% decrease from the 706 MMst mined in 2019 and the lowest level of coal pro ...
Wednesday, 14 July 21
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
In its latest Global Economic Prospects report, the world bank recorded the strongest post-recession global growth in 80 years, but emerging and de ...
Tuesday, 13 July 21
JAPAN STILL SEEKING TO EXPLOIT COAL POWER LOOPHOLES - IEEFA
JBIC wants to continue burdening developing nations with its expensive coal-fired power technology
Japan is continuing to push its expensive c ...
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- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Planning Commission, India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
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