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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Wednesday, 28 July 21
IN THE PHILIPPINES, COAL’S DEMISE MAKES WAY FOR A RENEWABLE ENERGY BOOM - IEEFA
Imported gas lock-in could undermine the economic benefits of a clean energy transition
The Philippines’ energy sector is on t ...
Wednesday, 28 July 21
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
Assessing the ship repair sector during this first half of the year, we continue to come across surprises and new restrictions which are trembling ...
Saturday, 24 July 21
UNDERSTANDING INDIA'S LATEST PEAK POWER DEMAND RECORD - IEEFA
Ramping up solar will be crucial as peak power demand hits during the day
At around noon on 7 July 2021, India’s instantaneous ...
Wednesday, 21 July 21
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
Dry Buk Sales and Purchase activity has heated up during 2021, reaching record high levels during the first half of the year. The increased interes ...
Monday, 19 July 21
CHINA'S COAL OUTPUT UP 6.4 PCT IN H1 - XINHUA
China’s raw coal output climbed 6.4 percent year on year to 1.95 billion tonnes in the first six months of the year, official data showed.
...
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- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Australian Coal Association
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- White Energy Company Limited
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
- PTC India Limited - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Planning Commission, India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
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