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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Monday, 09 August 21
AIIB MAY OFFICIALLY END COAL FINANCING IN 2022 - CHINA DAILY
The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank may officially rule out coal projects if it updates its energy strategy next year, after shunning funding ...
Monday, 09 August 21
CHINA COAL INVENTORY THINS AMID PEAK POWER DEMAND- STATE MEDIA : REUTERS
China’s coal inventories have dropped to near historic lows since August due to peak summer electricity demand and transportation bottlenecks ...
Wednesday, 04 August 21
THE INDONESIAN COAL PRICE REFERENCE SURGED TO A FRESH RECORD HIGH OF USD 130.99 A TON IN AUGUST 2021
COALspot.com: The Indonesian Coal Price Reference ( HBA) surged to a fresh record high of USD 130.99 a ton in August 2021.
The ...
Wednesday, 04 August 21
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
Unlike the Dry Bulk and Container sectors where freight rates have surged into 2021, the tankers market continues to experience lackluster earnings ...
Sunday, 01 August 21
SEABORNE HARD COAL TRADE IN 2020 DECREASED BY 149 MILLION MT, OR 12.1%, TO 1,083 MILLION MT - GERMAN COAL IMPORTERS ASSOCIATION
- Reduced coal-fired power plant fleet secures Germany’s power supply in severe winter of 2020/2021; little wind availability and hence stron ...
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- MS Steel International - UAE
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- The University of Queensland
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Planning Commission, India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- White Energy Company Limited
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
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