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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Friday, 13 August 21
INDONESIA’S COAL EXPORTS TO JAPAN DECLINED BY -26.3% YOY TO 11.9 MLN TONNES IN THE FIRST 7 MONTHS OF 2021; STILL THE SECOND LARGEST SOURCE FOR JAPAN’S COAL IMPORTS IS INDONESIA - BANCHERO COSTA
2020 proved to be a truly terrible year for global seaborne coal trade. Total global loadings in the 12 months of 2020 were down -12.7% year-on-yea ...
Thursday, 12 August 21
ONLY 3 VLCCS SOLD FOR DEMOLITION IN 2021 AS SECONDHAND PRICES TEMPT - BIMCO
During the first seven months of 2021, only three actively trading Very Large Crude Carriers (VLCCs) have been sold for demolition. The current mar ...
Wednesday, 11 August 21
U.S: EIA EXPECTS COAL EXPORTS TO TOTAL 90 MMST IN 2021, 30% INCREASE FROM 2020
Coal production in EIA's forecast totals 607 million short tons (MMst) in 2021, an increase of 13% over 2020.
EIA is also ...
Wednesday, 11 August 21
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
Energy is at the core of the global climate dialogue as the climate challenge is essentially an energy challenge. Policy experts around the world a ...
Tuesday, 10 August 21
34 INDONESIAN COAL COMPANIES TEMPORARILY BANNED FOR COAL EXPORTS
The Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM) has imposed sanctions in the form of a coal export ban for 34 coal companies as reported by CNB ...
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- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Minerals Council of Australia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Australian Coal Association
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- PTC India Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Parliament of New Zealand
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Planning Commission, India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- VISA Power Limited - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
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