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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Friday, 06 September 24
REBOUND IN OIL DEMAND COULD LIFT MARKET IN LATTER HALF OF 2024 - BIMCO
Supply/demand
Based on a strong second half demand, the supply/balance is forecast to strengthen in 2024 but weaken slightly in 2025 as n ...
Friday, 06 September 24
GLOBAL SEABORNE LNG TRADE HAS CONTINUED TO INCREASE LAST YEAR - BANCHERO COSTA
Global seaborne LNG trade has continued to increase last year, helped also by the events in Ukraine which forced Europe to diversify away from Russ ...
Wednesday, 28 August 24
SEABORNE COAL IMPORTS INTO INDIA INCREASED BY +9.9% Y-O-Y TO 146.6 MLN T - BANCHERO COSTA
Global coal trade has really picked up pace over the past year, and is now fully back to pre-Covid levels said Banchero Costa Research in its lates ...
Tuesday, 06 August 24
EXERCISE CAUTION WITH AMMONIA SWITCH - BALTIC EXCHANGE
A new study from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has thrown a spanner into the plan to transition ships from diesel fuel to ammonia ...
Friday, 02 August 24
ENERGY MARKET DEVELOPMENTS: COAL AND NATURAL GAS PRICES REACH RECORD HIGHS - WORLD BANK
The recent surge in natural gas and coal prices has been so swift that the main benchmarks were roughly three times higher in 2022Q2 compared to a ...
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- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Australian Coal Association
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- White Energy Company Limited
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Economic Council, Georgia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- The University of Queensland
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
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