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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Tuesday, 13 February 24
WHAT IS THE OUTLOOK FOR THE NATURAL GAS SPOT PRICE IN 2024 AND 2025? EIA
We expect the U.S. benchmark Henry Hub natural gas spot price to average higher in 2024 and 2025 than in 2023, but to remain lower than $3.00 per m ...
Monday, 12 February 24
US THERMAL COAL EXPORTS HIT 5-YEAR HIGHS AND TOP $5 BLN IN 2023 - REUTERS
United States exporters of thermal coal earned more than $5 billion in 2023 as they shipped out more than 32.5 million metric tons of the high-poll ...
Tuesday, 06 February 24
NEW E-FUELS PROJECT TO MAKE INTERNATIONAL SHIPPING CLIMATE-NEUTRAL - RINA
Transport and trade on the ocean blue must be made much greener. This is the goal of the new €17 million European GAMMA project, where compani ...
Tuesday, 06 February 24
INDIA SEES ANNUAL COAL OUTPUT UP 10.9% IN 2024/25 - REUTERS
India expects domestic coal output to increase by 10.9% to 1.13 billion metric tons in the fiscal year ending March 2025, a senior government offic ...
Tuesday, 06 February 24
INDIA'S COAL PRODUCTION INCREASES BY 10.3% TO 99.73 MILLION TONNE IN JANUARY - PTI
The country’s coal output rose 10.3 per cent to 99.73 Million Tonne (MT) in January, over the same month in the previous fiscal.
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Showing 36 to 40 news of total 6871 |
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- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- PTC India Limited - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Planning Commission, India
- The University of Queensland
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
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