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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Wednesday, 31 January 24
CHINA'S INNER MONGOLIA COAL OUTPUT HIT 1.21B TONS IN 2023 - XINHUA
North China’s Inner Mongolia autonomous region churned out 1.21 billion tons of coal in 2023 as it strives to guarantee the country’s e ...
Wednesday, 31 January 24
GAS EXPORTS COST U.S. CONSUMERS MORE THAN $100 BILLION OVER 16-MONTH PERIOD - IEEFA
Limited Demand Growth Could Dampen the Dry Bulk Market in the Coming Months BIMCOStarting in late 2021—before its invasion of Ukraine—R ...
Tuesday, 30 January 24
LIMITED DEMAND GROWTH COULD DAMPEN THE DRY BULK MARKET IN THE COMING MONTHS - BIMCO
Demand
In our base scenario, we expect cargo demand to grow by 0-1% in 2024 and 0.5-1.5% in 2025. This is a 0.5 percentage point reduction for ...
Friday, 26 January 24
RED SEA DIVERSIONS ADD NEARLY A MILLION DOLLARS PER VOYAGE TO SHIPPING COSTS WHILE DOUBLING TRANSIT TIME - LSEG
The incremental costs of diverting a tanker from Asia to NW Europe via the Cape of Good Hope is accounting for an extra $932,905 USD per voyage whi ...
Friday, 26 January 24
HARD COAL GUARDIAN ANGEL OF THE ENERGY SUPPLY - GERMANY COAL IMPORTERS ASSOCIATION
- No security of supply without hard coal
- The Substitute Power Plant Provision Act (EKBG) must be extended
- Higher grid fees due to the ...
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Showing 46 to 50 news of total 6871 |
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- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- White Energy Company Limited
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- PTC India Limited - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
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