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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Friday, 22 March 24
INDONESIA APPROVES 922.14 MLN T COAL PRODUCTION QUOTA FOR 2024, ABOVE TARGET - REUTERS
Indonesia has approved coal production quotas totalling 922.14 million metric tons for 2024, Bambang Suswantono, a senior official at the mining mi ...
Friday, 22 March 24
CHINA COAL INDUSTRY GROUP EXPECTS OUTPUT GROWTH TO SLOW IN 2024 - REUTERS
China’s coal output is expected to increase 36 million metric tons, or 0.8%, to about 4.7 billion tonnes in 2024, a Chinese coal industry gro ...
Monday, 18 March 24
THREE KEY TAKEAWAYS FROM OUR EUROPE GAS MARKETS SHORT-TERM OUTLOOK Q1 2024 - WOOD MACKENZIE
European gas prices are currently back to pre-crisis levels, but with a complex series of factors affecting future supply and demand, are they set ...
Wednesday, 06 March 24
INDONESIA AIMS TO FINISH MINING OUTPUT QUOTAS APPROVAL BY END-MARCH, OFFICIAL SAYS - REUTERS
Indonesia’s has approved the mining production quotarequests from more than 120mineral companies and aims to complete the approval process th ...
Monday, 04 March 24
IS YOUR GUARANTEE A GUARANTEE? NOTE TO SHIPOWNERS - GARD
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
The law of guarantees is not always obvious or easy to understand without proper guidance. This article clarifies the dif ...
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Showing 26 to 30 news of total 6871 |
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- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- PTC India Limited - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Australian Coal Association
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- White Energy Company Limited
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
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