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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Friday, 23 February 24
STRONG OUTLOOK FOR THE TANKER MARKET IN 2024 AND BEYOND - DNV
Several factors have aligned over the past two years to create a robust and profitable market for tanker owners, which is expected to drive newbuil ...
Friday, 23 February 24
AUSTRALIAN COAL FLOWS TO ASIA HOVER ABOVE LAST YEAR’S VOLUME TONNES - SIGNAL GROUP
In the final days of February, the dry bulk freight market appeared to maintain a relatively stable momentum, particularly evident in the large ves ...
Friday, 23 February 24
RUSSIAN COAL SHIPMENTS FALL 14% AS SANCTIONS BITE - BIMCO
During the first seven weeks of 2024, Russian coal shipments have fallen 14% y/y. Volumes have gradually declined since October 2023 when logistica ...
Thursday, 22 February 24
BIMCO PUBLISHES SHIP FINANCING FORMS TO ENSURE UNINTERRUPTED USE OF SHIPS
BIMCO has published two standard Quiet Enjoyment Letters (QELs), the first standard form QELs available to the industry, to offer a tool that can e ...
Monday, 19 February 24
METALS INVESTMENT: THE DARKEST HOUR IS JUST BEFORE THE DAWN - WOOD MACKENZIE
Things often seem at their worst just before they get better. In terms of meeting our net zero 2050 scenario, we’ve reached a watershed momen ...
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Showing 31 to 35 news of total 6871 |
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- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- White Energy Company Limited
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Planning Commission, India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Australian Coal Association
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
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