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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Wednesday, 12 June 24
CHINA ACCOUNTS FOR 16.3% OF AUSTRALIA'S COAL EXPORTS, FOLLOWED BY INDIA 14.4% - BANCHERO COSTA
Global coal trade has really picked up pace in recent months, and is now fully back to pre-Covid levels says Banchero Costa in its latest report.
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Wednesday, 12 June 24
LNG NEWBUILDING VALUES AT RECORD HIGH: 78 NEWBUILD ORDERS PLACED IN 2024, DOUBLING 2023 - VESON NAUTICAL
The number of LNG newbuilding orders have more than doubled from the same period last year where 34 orders were placed, compared to 78 in the first ...
Monday, 10 June 24
CHINA'S MAY COAL IMPORTS RISE 11% ON LOWER DOMESTIC OUTPUT - REUTERS
China’s imports of coal rose 11% in May from a year earlier, customs data and Reuters records showed on Friday, as lower domestic output this ...
Tuesday, 04 June 24
HOW DO WESTERN SANCTIONS ON RUSSIA IMPACT THE GLOBAL METALS, MINING AND COAL MARKETS - WOOD MACKENZIE
The geopolitical landscape for Russia, as a major supplier of various commodities, has undergone a dramatic transformation since the invasion of Uk ...
Friday, 22 March 24
CASE STUDY: DANGERS OF COAL CARGO - SKULD
Recently, a bulk cargo vessel carrying coal from South Africa to Singapore suffered a fatal accident, resulting in the deaths of three crew members ...
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Showing 21 to 25 news of total 6871 |
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- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- PTC India Limited - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Planning Commission, India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- VISA Power Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- The University of Queensland
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
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