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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Sunday, 26 February 23
MAWANI AND JEDDAH CHAMBER SIGN AN AGREEMENT TO BUILD INTEGRATED LOGISTICS PARK
Press Release: The Saudi Ports Authority (Mawani) and Jeddah Chamber of Commerce and Industry have today inked an agreement to set up an integrated ...
Saturday, 25 February 23
INDONESIA IS STILL BY FAR THE TOP SUPPLIER OF COAL TO CHINA - BANCHERO COSTA
After a slow start in the first quarter, global coal trade has really picked up pace last year, and is now fully back to pre-Covid levels, said ban ...
Wednesday, 22 February 23
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
The short-term outlook of the global soybean market is currently pivoted by a combination of weather patterns that are affecting the harvest progre ...
Saturday, 18 February 23
OIL UNLIKELY TO BREAK ABOVE $100/BBL THIS YEAR, J.P.MORGAN SAYS –- REUTERS
Brent oil prices are unlikely to breach the $100 a barrel level this year, barring any significant geopolitical drivers, with OPEC+ potentially add ...
Saturday, 18 February 23
CHINA'S COAL PRICES FALL TO 1 YR-LOW, CLOUDING DEMAND AND IMPORT OUTLOOK - REUTERS
China’s thermal coal prices hit their lowest levels in a year this week on rising inventories as domestic mine production is recovering faste ...
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- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Australian Coal Association
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
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