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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Saturday, 18 March 23
HEDGE TO OFFSET LNG VOLATILITY, TRADERS TOLD - BALTIC EXCHANGE
A shift in imports from Asia to Europe led to significant volatility in liquefied natural gas shipping last year, prompting industry experts to urg ...
Friday, 17 March 23
INDONESIAN COAL PRICE REFERENCE UP AROUND 2.17% IN MARCH 2023
COALspot.com: Indonesian Coal Price Reference up around 2.17% in March 2023.
According to the new HBA regulation No. 41.K/MB.0 ...
Saturday, 11 March 23
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
Uncertainty over the recovery of Chinese demand, demand destruction in Europe, as well as weather conditions will pivot the LNG market this summer. ...
Wednesday, 08 March 23
INDONESIAN COAL REFERENCE PRICE FORMULA HAS OFFICIALLY CHANGED
Indonesian Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources has officially changed the guideline for determining the benchmark price for the sale of coal c ...
Thursday, 02 March 23
INDIA'S SEABORNE CRUDE OIL IMPORTS IN 2022 INCREASED BY 11.5% YOY - BANCHERO COSTA
2022 has turned out to be a very positive year for crude oil trade, despite the surging oil prices and risks of economic recession, Banchero Costa ...
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Showing 126 to 130 news of total 6871 |
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- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Planning Commission, India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- The University of Queensland
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Australian Coal Association
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
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