We welcome article submissions from experts in the areas of coal, mining,
shipping, etc.
To Submit your article please click here.
|
|
|
Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
If you believe an article violates your rights or the rights of others, please contact us.
|
|
Thursday, 26 January 23
AUSTRALIA'S CORONADO GLOBAL SEES COAL PRICES RISING ON RESUMING CHINA IMPORTS - REUTERS
Australia’s Coronado Global Resources said on Tuesday resuming metallurgical coal imports to China would likely push sea-borne coal prices hi ...
Monday, 23 January 23
CHINA'S MAJOR COAL-PRODUCING PROVINCE ACCELERATES DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION - XINHUA
At Chindata Group’s big-data industrial park in Lingqiu County of Datong City, hundreds of thousands of servers are running round-the-clock t ...
Monday, 23 January 23
CHINA'S COAL-RICH PROVINCE SEES COAL PRODUCTION INCREASE IN 2022 - XINHUA
North China’s coal-rich province of Shanxi saw its coal production hit 1.31 billion tonnes in 2022, up 8.7 percent year on year, local author ...
Wednesday, 18 January 23
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
From Feb 5, another price cap will be introduced to Russian fuels and oil products, adding to the one for crude oil, already in place from Dec. 3. ...
Tuesday, 17 January 23
FRAUD IS THE BIGGEST THREAT TO CARGO LOSSES - TT CLUB
The almost exclusive use of online facilities to process business transactions allows a myriad of fraudulent pursuits to find opportunities within ...
|
|
|
Showing 146 to 150 news of total 6871 |
|
 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
 |
|
|
| |
|
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Planning Commission, India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- The University of Queensland
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Australian Coal Association
|
| |
| |
|
