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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Thursday, 02 March 23
DRY BULK MARKET: THE WAY CHINA GOES, SO GOES THE MARKET - BIMCO
We expect demand growth within the 1.5-2.5% range in 2023, driven by China’s economic recovery. Improvements in consumer sentiment should hel ...
Thursday, 02 March 23
INDIA, CHINA DEMAND BOOST LOW-RANK THERMAL COAL PRICES IN ASIA - RUSSELL, REUTERS
Signs of stronger import demand from India have arrested the decline in price of the thermal coal grades most commonly sought by the world’s ...
Thursday, 02 March 23
INDIA CHEERS THE RETURN OF ‘KING COAL’ AS INDUSTRY SEES BUOYANT FUTURE - REUTERS
India’s coal industry celebrated the return of its major conference after a three-year pandemic hiatus by presenting a bullish view of demand ...
Wednesday, 01 March 23
GEO CONNECT ASIA RETURNS IN MARCH TO ACCELERATE THE REGION’S GEOSPATIAL AND LOCATION INTELLIGENCE CAPABILITIES
Press Release: The third edition of GCA will be held in conjunction with Digital Construction Asia and the inaugural Drones Asia – an event d ...
Wednesday, 01 March 23
THE DECLINE IN THE COAL PRICE SINCE THE BEGINNING OF THE YEAR HAS BEEN SIGNIFICANT - INTERMODAL
Last week, the front-month API2 future rose by 3.5%, but since the beginning of the year the future has fallen by 39% to $136.65/t, while the Newca ...
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- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Economic Council, Georgia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- PTC India Limited - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
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