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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Saturday, 25 March 23
COAL INDIA HAS STRONG CASE TO INCREASE PRICES, TALKS ON: CMD AGRAWAL - BUSINESS STANDARD
Coal India (CIL) Chairman and Managing Director Pramod Agrawal said on Monday there is a “strong case” for increasing coal prices, and ...
Saturday, 25 March 23
ASIAN CRUDE PALM OIL WATCH 1Q23 - FITCH RATINGS
Malaysian benchmark crude palm oil (CPO) spot prices have averaged around USD915 per tonne (t) so far in 1Q23, sharply lower than the average of ar ...
Saturday, 25 March 23
INDONESIA’S COAL EXPORT INCREASED BY 21.0% YOY TO 388.4 MLN T IN 2022 - BANCHERO COSTA
After a slow start in the first quarter, global coal trade has really picked up pace last year, and is now fully back to pre-Covid levels. In the f ...
Saturday, 25 March 23
GLOBAL LNG-ASIA SPOT PRICES SLIP AS WEAK NORTHERN DEMAND REMAINS - REUTERS
Asian spot prices of liquefied natural gas (LNG) declined this week, falling to a 21-month low, as weak demand in the northeast Asia region continu ...
Wednesday, 22 March 23
OIL PRICE FALL SPECULATIVE, TO HIT $140 BY YEAR-END -ANDURAND: REUTERS
The recent fall in oil prices due to banking jitters is speculative and oil will hit $140 a barrel by the end of the year, hedge fund manager Pierr ...
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- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- The University of Queensland
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Australian Coal Association
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
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