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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Sunday, 16 April 23
CHINA JUGGLES FOUR MAJOR ECONOMIC CHANGES IN 2023 - WOOD MACKENZIE
Change is afoot in China. Economic growth is slowing, while rising political tensions between China and the US, coupled with global supply chain re ...
Sunday, 16 April 23
CHINA'S MARCH COAL IMPORTS JUMP TO 3-YEAR HIGH - REUTERS
China’s coal imports surged in March to their highest in any month over the past three years as utilities increased purchases on expectations ...
Sunday, 16 April 23
OPEC KEEPS WORLD OIL DEMAND GROWTH OUTLOOK UNCHANGED
The OPEC Reference Basket (ORB) declined in March by $3.43, or 4.2%, m-o-m to average $78.45/b. The ICE Brent first-month contract fell by $4.33, o ...
Sunday, 16 April 23
CHEAPER SPOT LNG PRICES TEMPT SOME ASIAN BUYERS AMID SUPPLY GAINS - REUTERS
Cheaper spot prices for liquefied natural gas (LNG) are luring price-sensitive buyers back in Asia, with China and India recording rising imports i ...
Tuesday, 11 April 23
COAL USE CLIMBS WORLDWIDE DESPITE PROMISES TO SLASH IT - AAP
The burning of coal for electricity, cement, steel and other uses went up in 2022 despite global promises to phase down the fuel that is the bigges ...
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Showing 106 to 110 news of total 6871 |
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- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Australian Coal Association
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Planning Commission, India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Parliament of New Zealand
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
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