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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Tuesday, 11 April 23
OIL RISES ON CHINA STIMULUS EXPECTATIONS, WEAKER DOLLAR - REUTERS
Oil prices rose on Tuesday on expectations of potential economic stimulus by China, healthy demand in the rest of Asia and a drop in U.S. crude sto ...
Sunday, 09 April 23
CHINA’S BUSINESS INCOME REBOUND POINTS TO IMPROVING ECONOMY: OFFICIAL - XINHUA
Chinese businesses have posted a strong rebound in sales revenue since the beginning of this year in the latest signal of an improving economy.
...
Sunday, 09 April 23
COAL INDIA TO BOOST SUPPLIES TO INDUSTRIES AS UTILITIES’ INVENTORIES RISE - REUTERS
Coal India Ltd will increase supplies to industries, the world’s largest coal miner said on Wednesday as fuel inventories at utilities run by ...
Thursday, 06 April 23
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
LNG Current Supply/Demand Dynamics
This year, LNG supply will likely exceed demand, so prices will need to decline to levels that will encourag ...
Sunday, 26 March 23
EUROPE’S RUSH TO LNG COULD TURN INTO 'WORLD’S MOST EXPENSIVE AND UNNECESSARY INSURANCE POLICY'- CNBC
Europe’s rapid buildout of liquefied natural gas infrastructure is on track to far exceed demand by the end of the decade, according to new r ...
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Showing 111 to 115 news of total 6871 |
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- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- The University of Queensland
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Planning Commission, India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- PTC India Limited - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
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