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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Tuesday, 23 May 23
INDIA: COAL OUTPUT UP 8.9%, SUPPLY RISES 11.7% IN APRIL - FINANCIAL EXPRESS
India’s coal production jumped 8.85% to 73.14 million tonne (MT) in April 2023 and the total coal despatch during the month went up 11.66% to ...
Tuesday, 23 May 23
CHINA COAL OUTPUT UP 4.5 PCT IN APRIL - XINHUA
China’s raw coal output posted stable expansion in April, official data showed.
The country produced 380 million tonnes of raw ...
Saturday, 20 May 23
NON-OPEC OIL SUPPLY DEVELOPMENT - OPEC
In 2022, non-OPEC supply is estimated to have increased by 1.9 mb/d y-o-y. Out of this, US liquids production increased by 1.2 mb/d, mainly on the ...
Saturday, 20 May 23
GLOBAL COAL TRADE HAS REALLY PICKED UP PACE IN RECENT MONTHS, NOW FULLY BACK TO PRE-COVID LEVELS - BANCHERO COSTA
Global coal trade has really picked up pace in recent months, and is now fully back to pre-Covid levels. In Jan-Apr 2023, total global seaborne coa ...
Saturday, 20 May 23
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
India is one of the world's largest coal producers and one of the world's largest importers of coal. The country uses coal mainly for power ...
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Showing 101 to 105 news of total 6871 |
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- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Australian Coal Association
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- The University of Queensland
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Minerals Council of Australia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- White Energy Company Limited
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
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