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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Thursday, 09 November 23
GREEK AND CHINESE COMPANIES OWN 34% OF THE GLOBAL FLEET’S CARGO CAPACITY - BIMCO
“The global fleet of cargo carrying ships consists of around 61,000 ships with a deadweight capacity of about 2,200 million tonnes. The ships ...
Monday, 23 October 23
CHINA SEPT COAL OUTPUT HITS SIX-MONTH HIGH ON RISING POWER DEMAND - REUTERS
China’s September coal output rose 0.4% from August to the highest level since March, official data showed on Wednesday, on rising power dema ...
Monday, 23 October 23
INDIA COAL INVENTORIES DROP AT FASTEST PACE IN TWO YEARS, BOOSTING IMPORTS - REUTERS
Coal inventories at Indian power plants in the first half of October fell at their fastest rate in two years, an analysis of government data showed ...
Tuesday, 19 September 23
LNG SHIPPING STOCKS: THE ASIAN GROWTH UP-INDICES
Last week, the UP World LNG Shipping Index (UPI) gained 3.81 points or 2.51%, closing at 155.85 points. This index tracks the performance of LNG sh ...
Sunday, 10 September 23
GOLDMAN SACHS PREDICTS OIL PRICE TO HIT $100 ON OPEC CUTS - YAHOO FINANCE
Oil supply cuts by Saudi Arabia and Russia could lead to Brent crude jumping as high as $107 a barrel in 2024, Goldman Sachs Commodities Research h ...
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Showing 81 to 85 news of total 6871 |
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- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Parliament of New Zealand
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- The University of Queensland
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
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