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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Tuesday, 14 November 23
CHINA'S BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE TURNS AWAY FROM COAL - WOOD MACKENZIE
Ambitious, contentious and big spending, China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is 10 years old. In that time, China has splashed more than U ...
Friday, 10 November 23
THE COMMODITIES FEED: OIL UNDER PRESSURE - ING
Energy – Brent plummets
The oil market came under significant pressure yesterday. ICE Brent settled 4.19% lower on the day and ...
Friday, 10 November 23
COAL USE AT U.S. POWER PLANTS CONTINUES DOWNWARD SPIRAL; FULL IMPACT ON MINES TO BE FELT IN 2024 - IEEFA
This year, the use of coal by the U.S.’s power producers has been so anemic that the fuel has not achieved a 20% market share in any month so ...
Friday, 10 November 23
INDIA: NATIONAL COAL INDEX RISES 3.83 POINTS IN SEPTEMBER AMID HIGHER DEMAND - LIVEMINT
The National Coal Index (NCI) rose 3.83 points to 143.91 in September amid growing demand for coal.
The union coal ministry on Tuesd ...
Thursday, 09 November 23
WE'RE PRODUCING TOO MUCH COAL, OIL AND GAS, REPORT SAYS - WSJ
World leaders pledged in 2015 to reduce emissions in a combined effort to limit climate change.
Now they are stepping up production ...
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Showing 76 to 80 news of total 6871 |
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- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- MS Steel International - UAE
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Australian Coal Association
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- The University of Queensland
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Planning Commission, India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
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