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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Monday, 17 July 23
APPROVED AMMONIA-FUELED CONTAINERSHIP - BENEFITS AND RISKS: REED SMITH
Following the news in Offshore Energy that Korea Maritime Consultants has secured approval in principle from the American Bureau of Shipping for it ...
Friday, 14 July 23
CLEAN COAL USE KEY TO DEEP CUTS IN EMISSIONS, STABLE ELECTRICITY SUPPLY - CHINA DAILY
China must push for the clean use of coal and step up integration of the dirty fuel with carbon capture, utilization and storage to achieve sustain ...
Thursday, 13 July 23
VIETNAM'S COAL EMISSIONS PRIMED FOR SURGE AFTER IMPORTS JUMP - REUTERS
Vietnam’s thermal power emissions are primed for a steep climb this summer after the country’s imports of thermal coal soared to their ...
Monday, 26 June 23
COAL PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION UP IN 2022 - EUROSTAT
In 2022, EU coal production and consumption continued to increase, reaching 349 million tonnes (+5% compared with the previous year) and 454 millio ...
Wednesday, 21 June 23
QATAR STRIKES SECOND BIG LNG SUPPLY DEAL WITH CHINA - REUTERS
Qatar on Tuesday secured its second large gas supply deal with a Chinese state-controlled company in less than a year, putting Asia clearly ahead i ...
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Showing 91 to 95 news of total 6871 |
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- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- PTC India Limited - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- The University of Queensland
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- White Energy Company Limited
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