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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Wednesday, 22 November 23
INDIA: GOVERNMENT PLANS 1.4 BILLION TONNE COAL OUTPUT BY 2027 - LIVEMINT
The Union coal ministry on Monday announced plans to increase India’s coal production to 1.404 billion tonne by 2027, with an eye to further ...
Wednesday, 22 November 23
OBLIGATION. INDONESIA AIMS TO START COLLECTING LEVIES FROM COAL MINERS IN JANUARY - REUTERS
Indonesia plans to start collecting levies from coal miners in January to be used to compensate miners who sell coal to the state utility at lower ...
Tuesday, 21 November 23
INDIAN COAL POWER PLANTS’ CAPACITY UTILISATION WILL IMPROVE TO 65% THIS FISCAL: - CRISIL
Coal-based thermal power units’ plant load factor (PLF) or capacity utilisation will improve to 65 percent in the current fiscal year despite ...
Tuesday, 14 November 23
CAPITAL PRODUCT PARTNERS L.P. ANNOUNCES TRANSFORMATIVE TRANSACTION INCLUDING THE ACQUISITION OF 11 NEWBUILD LNG CARRIERS FOR $3.1 BILLION
Capital Product Partners L.P. announced that it has entered into an umbrella agreement (the “Umbrella Agreement”) with Capital Maritime ...
Tuesday, 14 November 23
COAL INDIA BEATS Q2 PROFIT VIEW ON HIGH POWER DEMAND AMID WEAK MONSOON - REUTERS
Coal India on Friday reported better-than-expected second-quarter profit, helped by high power demand and boosted production amid a weak monsoon.
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- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Australian Coal Association
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Planning Commission, India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Aditya Birla Group - India
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