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Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
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Sunday, 10 September 23
CHINA AUGUST COAL IMPORTS OF 44.3 MLN T HIT RECORD - REUTERS
China, the world’s top coal consumer, imported 44.3 million metric tons of the fuel last month, customs data showed, the highest amount in an ...
Tuesday, 22 August 23
CHINA'S COAL PRODUCTION LOGS STEADY GROWTH IN JANUARY-JULY: XINHUA
China’s output of raw coal went up 3.6 percent year on year in the first seven months of this year, official data showed.
The ...
Sunday, 13 August 23
THE COMMODITIES FEED: LNG SUPPLY RISKS LINGER - ING
Energy – OPEC sees deficit over remainder of 2023
Oil prices came under some pressure yesterday with ICE Brent settling a litt ...
Wednesday, 09 August 23
COAL TRADE TO RETURN TO 2019 LEVELS - BALTIC EXCHANGE
The International Energy Agency’s mid-year Coal Market Update for 2023 brings both positive and concerning news for the global coal industry. ...
Sunday, 23 July 23
ANALYSIS-INDIA'S COAL MINING BET STUMBLES AS WARY BANKS WEIGH RISING RISKS - REUTERS
India’s drive to ramp up coal output to meet growing energy demand is faltering due to banks’ reluctance to finance newly auctioned min ...
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Showing 86 to 90 news of total 6871 |
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- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- MS Steel International - UAE
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- The University of Queensland
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
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