We welcome article submissions from experts in the areas of coal, mining,
shipping, etc.
To Submit your article please click here.
|
|
|
Tuesday, 27 March 18
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - GERRY LATHROP
 With the almost complete phase out of Tier II new-building slots on our door step, along with the plethora of emissions related articles seemingly published every other day, this week we will take a look at the pros and cons of different fuels, their emissions/by products, and conclude with possibly one of the best interim alternatives to the present emissions problem said Allied Shipbroking in its latest weekly report.
According to Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking, Fuel oil(s) probably account for the largest percentage of marine fuels by weight consumed. The reason for this is quite simple, it’s incredibly cheap while they are also quite energy dense (around .97 – 1.0 sg or tons per cubic meter) when compared to other alternatives such as diesel (.85 sg) methanol (0.79 sg), LPG of equal parts C3 and C4 atoms (0.537 sg) and LNG (0.45 sg). In general, fuel oil releases the most carbon dioxide (CO2) during combustion, about 3.11 tons of CO2 per ton of product, followed by LPG at 3.01 mts, LNG 2.75mts, diesel 2.63 mts and methanol at 1.37 mts. Many of you may be thinking, how can 1 ton of product create 2 tons of CO2? The answer lies in the chemistry of the combustion process. Simply put, combustion takes carbon from the fuel, and adds oxygen from the atmosphere and releases energy. The oxygen in this case makes up more than 2 thirds of the CO2 molecules.
But where do NOx and SOx fall into play? Unfortunately, NOx and SOx emissions are not as straight forward to quantify. For example, Gerry Lathrop, Research Analyst of Allied Shipbroking further noted, the total sulfur content of a given fuel is heavily dependent on where it was sourced, while removing sulfur is quite difficult and expensive. For that reason, giving any concrete figures for fuel oil and diesel can be inaccurate. On the other hand, LNG and LPG often have their sulfur content removed through the use of an acid gas removal unit (AGR), which is then processed in a sulfur recovery unit (SRU). Unfortunately, NOx emissions are similar to SOx emissions in that they are not fixed. However, NOx differs from SOx, as the same fuel may produce little NOx emissions in one engine, and higher emissions in another. Similarly, the same engine may produce no NOx emissions at one speed or engine load, and then at full speed, may produce a significant amount of the pollutant. The main source of NOx in fuels stems from the high heat reached during combustion. In order to produce little NOx, the temperature inside and around the engine must be lower than about 760 degrees Celsius. Methanol, LNG, and LPG burn at lower temperatures than other fuels, and thus could produce lower amounts of NOx emissions. How does all this fit into the industries search for lowering harmful emissions? Well as there is yet to emerge a single fuel that is clean and has negligible harmful emissions, the cheapest and probably best alternative right now seems to be the scrubber. Scrubbers work by physically and chemically cleaning the harmful emissions inside the exhaust. This is done by spraying water over the gas in the smokestack and then either discharging it into the ocean in the case of open loop systems, or cleaning the water through the use of chemicals or filters, and then reusing the water again in the case of closed loop scrubbers. This is possibly a better interim solution for commercial shipping emissions, as LNG powered vessels can be more costly to buy and maintain, while retrofitting a vessel to run on LNG will probably cost more than a scrubber in most cases, especially when taking into consideration the technical and space restricting challenges that are usually involved in the case of switching to LNG.
If you believe an article violates your rights or the rights of others, please contact us.
|
|
Friday, 05 January 24
BANGLADESH’S 2023 COAL-FIRED POWER OUTPUT TRIPLED, EASING SHORTAGES - REUTERS
Bangladesh nearly tripled its coal-fired power output in 2023, a Reuters analysis of government data showed, helping it tide over the worst power s ...
Tuesday, 02 January 24
COAL TRADE CONTINUES TO HEAD EAST - BALTIC EXCHANGE
The global coal trade, once concentrated in the Pacific and Atlantic basins, is undergoing a significant transformation, as highlighted in the Inte ...
Tuesday, 02 January 24
COAL CARGOES: AVOIDING EXPLOSION AND SELF-HEATING - GARD
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Despite its contribution to greenhouse gas emissions, global coal consumption climbed to an all-time high in 2022 and is ...
Tuesday, 02 January 24
SINOPEC FORECASTS CHINA’S COAL CONSUMPTION TO PEAK AROUND 2025 - REUTERS
China Petrochemical Corp, or Sinopec, expects coal consumption to peak around 2025 at 4.37 billion metric tons, the state energy group said in an o ...
Thursday, 07 December 23
CHINA TO SET UP COAL PRODUCTION RESERVE TO STABILISE PRICES - REUTERS
China will establish a back-up coal production system by 2027 to stabilise prices and secure coal supply, the state planner said on Wednesday, even ...
|
|
|
Showing 61 to 65 news of total 6871 |
|
 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
 |
|
|
| |
|
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- White Energy Company Limited
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Planning Commission, India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
|
| |
| |
|
