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Friday, 13 May 16
COAL CARGOES - SOME RECENT DEVELOPMENTS: SWEDISH CLUB
 KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Indonesia continues to be amongst the world’s major exporters of coal, some 426Mt being traded in 2013 mostly to India and China. The potential problems associated with coals from Indonesia are now well known to the shipping community and typically stem from a propensity of the material to self-heat, leading potentially to “spontaneous combustion”. Incidents continue to occur with barges of coal being presented for loading with stows that are evolving steam or even on fire.
Experience has enabled advice to be provided on how to manage such situations both by attending loading and discharge, or by advising remotely. More recently, however, incidents have occurred where gas readings have shown that coal already loaded exhibits not only self-heating characteristics but also significant methane emission. It may be the case that such cargoes are commercially selected blends of different mined products because coals with these two different properties are typically geologically distinct. The IMO International Maritime Solid Bulk Code entry for coal provides clear guidance as to how to deal with coals with either one property but the guidance is less clear if both are apparent. Moreover, the basic strategy for dealing with self-heating is to starve the coal of oxygen (i.e. air) by sealing the hatch covers and other openings, whereas for methane emission the strategy is to provide ventilation – the exact opposite. Such incidents, therefore, call for very careful management and the need for expert advice.
On board monitoring of coal cargoes in such situations relies to a very high degree on taking accurate gas readings, using equipment of the type specified in the IMSBC Code capable of measuring the concentrations of methane, oxygen and carbon monoxide. Although under “normal conditions” the Code indicates that one set of measurements per day is sufficient, if problems occur then in the initial stages this frequency might be considerably increased, perhaps to every two or three hours in order to monitor the conditions developing in the holds and the effectiveness of any actions taken.
The atmospheres that are sampled under such conditions may contain high concentrations of carbon monoxide and flammable gases (including methane) and virtually no oxygen. Experience shows that some sensors in gas detectors repeatedly exposed to such extremes may eventually not provide accurate readings or may fail altogether, although modern sensors may be somewhat less prone to these effects. In addition, the readings obtained from different instruments at the same time are rarely identical and sometimes vary greatly. As an extreme example, in a recent case it was found that two different gas analysers, both within their calibration dates and both ostensibly working normally, on occasion gave readings from the same location that were an order of magnitude apart. Clearly this could have a major effect on decision making.
On the same topic, at the 94th session of the IMO’s Maritime Safety Committee in November 2014, a new SOLAS regulation was agreed (XI-1/7) requiring that on or after 01 July 2016 all vessels (of 500 g.r.t. and above) must carry portable detectors capable of measuring the concentrations of oxygen, flammable gases, hydrogen sulphide and carbon monoxide along with the additional requirement that “suitable means shall be provided for the calibration of all such instruments”. It is hoped that by carrying calibration equipment, ship’s crews will be able more easily to identify when an analyser is not working correctly and needs to be serviced or replaced. Of course in many parts of the world technical facilities for the repair or replacement of analysers may not be immediately available. In the case of coal carriers loading in remote locations, Owners and Managers may thus wish to consider having a second calibrated analyser kept separately on board for back-up purposes.
When it comes to selecting suitable analysers, the IMSBC Code notes that the catalytic sensors used to measure methane concentrations (usually on the “%lel” scale) may not provide accurate results in atmospheres with a low oxygen content; “low” in this context typically being less than about 10%. This disadvantage can be overcome by the use of instruments that incorporate infrared (“IR”) sensors, which do not require the simultaneous presence of oxygen. In addition, modern analysers which can measure carbon monoxide concentrations of 2000ppm or more offer distinct advantages when monitoring incidents of self-heating.
Source: The Swedish Club
About The Swedish Club
The Swedish Club is a leading marine mutual insurer, headquartered in Gothenburg, Sweden, and with offices in some of the world's strategic shipping centres. The Swedish Club is a true mutual organisation with focus on marine safety and loss prevention.
Established in 1872, it is owned and self-managed and under the direct control of its members. All strategic decisions are taken by a Board of Directors drawn from the members.
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Monday, 02 May 16
INDIA'S GANGAVARAM PORT SETS ALL INDIA RECORD FOR NON-COKING COAL DISCHARGE
COALspot.com: Gangavaram Port, the deepest and the most modern port in India, has created yet another historical milestone record by discharging 15 ...
Monday, 02 May 16
CS (I) 5000 GAR COAL INDEX CLOSES 0.11% HIGHER, 5700 GAR COAL RISES 0.07% W/W
COALspot.com: Average 5000 GAR coal index of Indonesian origin up 0.28 percent week over week to averaging $38.78 per ton on this past Friday, acco ...
Monday, 02 May 16
FREIGHT RATES ARE EXPECTED TO BE FLAT TO SOFT THIS WEEK
COALspot.com: The Baltic Exchange, tracking rates for ships carrying dry bulk commodities continued to rose this week.
The freight market was ...
Saturday, 30 April 16
40 YEARS OF HANDLING COAL AT THE BTW IN WILHELMSHAVEN UNDER THE RHENUS FLAG
Press Release: The first bulk carrier with coal on board docked at the Bulk Terminal Wilhelmshaven (BTW), which is operated by Rhenus Midgar ...
Friday, 29 April 16
U.S. COAL IMPORTS IN Q4' 15 DECLINED TO 2.7 MMST FROM 3 MMST IN Q3' 15
COALspot.com – U.S the world’s second largest coal producer has produced approximately totaled an estimated 10.3 million short tons (mm ...
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- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Parliament of New Zealand
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Planning Commission, India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- PTC India Limited - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
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