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Friday, 13 May 16
COAL CARGOES - SOME RECENT DEVELOPMENTS: SWEDISH CLUB
 KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Indonesia continues to be amongst the world’s major exporters of coal, some 426Mt being traded in 2013 mostly to India and China. The potential problems associated with coals from Indonesia are now well known to the shipping community and typically stem from a propensity of the material to self-heat, leading potentially to “spontaneous combustion”. Incidents continue to occur with barges of coal being presented for loading with stows that are evolving steam or even on fire.
Experience has enabled advice to be provided on how to manage such situations both by attending loading and discharge, or by advising remotely. More recently, however, incidents have occurred where gas readings have shown that coal already loaded exhibits not only self-heating characteristics but also significant methane emission. It may be the case that such cargoes are commercially selected blends of different mined products because coals with these two different properties are typically geologically distinct. The IMO International Maritime Solid Bulk Code entry for coal provides clear guidance as to how to deal with coals with either one property but the guidance is less clear if both are apparent. Moreover, the basic strategy for dealing with self-heating is to starve the coal of oxygen (i.e. air) by sealing the hatch covers and other openings, whereas for methane emission the strategy is to provide ventilation – the exact opposite. Such incidents, therefore, call for very careful management and the need for expert advice.
On board monitoring of coal cargoes in such situations relies to a very high degree on taking accurate gas readings, using equipment of the type specified in the IMSBC Code capable of measuring the concentrations of methane, oxygen and carbon monoxide. Although under “normal conditions” the Code indicates that one set of measurements per day is sufficient, if problems occur then in the initial stages this frequency might be considerably increased, perhaps to every two or three hours in order to monitor the conditions developing in the holds and the effectiveness of any actions taken.
The atmospheres that are sampled under such conditions may contain high concentrations of carbon monoxide and flammable gases (including methane) and virtually no oxygen. Experience shows that some sensors in gas detectors repeatedly exposed to such extremes may eventually not provide accurate readings or may fail altogether, although modern sensors may be somewhat less prone to these effects. In addition, the readings obtained from different instruments at the same time are rarely identical and sometimes vary greatly. As an extreme example, in a recent case it was found that two different gas analysers, both within their calibration dates and both ostensibly working normally, on occasion gave readings from the same location that were an order of magnitude apart. Clearly this could have a major effect on decision making.
On the same topic, at the 94th session of the IMO’s Maritime Safety Committee in November 2014, a new SOLAS regulation was agreed (XI-1/7) requiring that on or after 01 July 2016 all vessels (of 500 g.r.t. and above) must carry portable detectors capable of measuring the concentrations of oxygen, flammable gases, hydrogen sulphide and carbon monoxide along with the additional requirement that “suitable means shall be provided for the calibration of all such instruments”. It is hoped that by carrying calibration equipment, ship’s crews will be able more easily to identify when an analyser is not working correctly and needs to be serviced or replaced. Of course in many parts of the world technical facilities for the repair or replacement of analysers may not be immediately available. In the case of coal carriers loading in remote locations, Owners and Managers may thus wish to consider having a second calibrated analyser kept separately on board for back-up purposes.
When it comes to selecting suitable analysers, the IMSBC Code notes that the catalytic sensors used to measure methane concentrations (usually on the “%lel” scale) may not provide accurate results in atmospheres with a low oxygen content; “low” in this context typically being less than about 10%. This disadvantage can be overcome by the use of instruments that incorporate infrared (“IR”) sensors, which do not require the simultaneous presence of oxygen. In addition, modern analysers which can measure carbon monoxide concentrations of 2000ppm or more offer distinct advantages when monitoring incidents of self-heating.
Source: The Swedish Club
About The Swedish Club
The Swedish Club is a leading marine mutual insurer, headquartered in Gothenburg, Sweden, and with offices in some of the world's strategic shipping centres. The Swedish Club is a true mutual organisation with focus on marine safety and loss prevention.
Established in 1872, it is owned and self-managed and under the direct control of its members. All strategic decisions are taken by a Board of Directors drawn from the members.
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Thursday, 05 May 16
DRY BULK MARKET ON REVERSE MODE, AS HOLIDAYS AROUND THE WORLD HURT DEMAND - HELLENIC SHIPPING NEWS
The dry bulk market’s recent rally has been put on a temporary hold, as various holidays around the world have put a stop in it. In its lates ...
Wednesday, 04 May 16
COAL IMPORTS: A VOLATILE MATTER OR STILL POWERING DOWN? - CLARKSONS
Chinese coal imports decreased significantly in 2014-15, and so far in 2016 the pace of decline appears to have slowed, with imports even recording ...
Wednesday, 04 May 16
IS THE DRY BULK MARKET OUT OF THE WOODS YET, OR NOT? - HELLENIC SHIPPING NEWS
Things are beginning to brighten up in the beleaguered dry bulk market, which is riding on a multi-week rally to find itself around the “psyc ...
Wednesday, 04 May 16
POWER - WEEK: REAL EXAMPLES AND CASE STUDIES
POWER WEEK
7 - 11 November 2016, PARKROYAL on Beach Road Hotel, Singapore
www.power-week.com
Overview
Designed for the global e ...
Tuesday, 03 May 16
HOW TO AVOID THE LATEST CARGO FRAUDS - BIMCO
BIMCO receives regular reports from members around the world about cargo fraud. This week alone we have had two reports of cargoes being fixed (or ...
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- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- PTC India Limited - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- The University of Queensland
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Australian Coal Association
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
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