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Friday, 13 May 16
COAL CARGOES - SOME RECENT DEVELOPMENTS: SWEDISH CLUB
 KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Indonesia continues to be amongst the world’s major exporters of coal, some 426Mt being traded in 2013 mostly to India and China. The potential problems associated with coals from Indonesia are now well known to the shipping community and typically stem from a propensity of the material to self-heat, leading potentially to “spontaneous combustion”. Incidents continue to occur with barges of coal being presented for loading with stows that are evolving steam or even on fire.
Experience has enabled advice to be provided on how to manage such situations both by attending loading and discharge, or by advising remotely. More recently, however, incidents have occurred where gas readings have shown that coal already loaded exhibits not only self-heating characteristics but also significant methane emission. It may be the case that such cargoes are commercially selected blends of different mined products because coals with these two different properties are typically geologically distinct. The IMO International Maritime Solid Bulk Code entry for coal provides clear guidance as to how to deal with coals with either one property but the guidance is less clear if both are apparent. Moreover, the basic strategy for dealing with self-heating is to starve the coal of oxygen (i.e. air) by sealing the hatch covers and other openings, whereas for methane emission the strategy is to provide ventilation – the exact opposite. Such incidents, therefore, call for very careful management and the need for expert advice.
On board monitoring of coal cargoes in such situations relies to a very high degree on taking accurate gas readings, using equipment of the type specified in the IMSBC Code capable of measuring the concentrations of methane, oxygen and carbon monoxide. Although under “normal conditions” the Code indicates that one set of measurements per day is sufficient, if problems occur then in the initial stages this frequency might be considerably increased, perhaps to every two or three hours in order to monitor the conditions developing in the holds and the effectiveness of any actions taken.
The atmospheres that are sampled under such conditions may contain high concentrations of carbon monoxide and flammable gases (including methane) and virtually no oxygen. Experience shows that some sensors in gas detectors repeatedly exposed to such extremes may eventually not provide accurate readings or may fail altogether, although modern sensors may be somewhat less prone to these effects. In addition, the readings obtained from different instruments at the same time are rarely identical and sometimes vary greatly. As an extreme example, in a recent case it was found that two different gas analysers, both within their calibration dates and both ostensibly working normally, on occasion gave readings from the same location that were an order of magnitude apart. Clearly this could have a major effect on decision making.
On the same topic, at the 94th session of the IMO’s Maritime Safety Committee in November 2014, a new SOLAS regulation was agreed (XI-1/7) requiring that on or after 01 July 2016 all vessels (of 500 g.r.t. and above) must carry portable detectors capable of measuring the concentrations of oxygen, flammable gases, hydrogen sulphide and carbon monoxide along with the additional requirement that “suitable means shall be provided for the calibration of all such instruments”. It is hoped that by carrying calibration equipment, ship’s crews will be able more easily to identify when an analyser is not working correctly and needs to be serviced or replaced. Of course in many parts of the world technical facilities for the repair or replacement of analysers may not be immediately available. In the case of coal carriers loading in remote locations, Owners and Managers may thus wish to consider having a second calibrated analyser kept separately on board for back-up purposes.
When it comes to selecting suitable analysers, the IMSBC Code notes that the catalytic sensors used to measure methane concentrations (usually on the “%lel” scale) may not provide accurate results in atmospheres with a low oxygen content; “low” in this context typically being less than about 10%. This disadvantage can be overcome by the use of instruments that incorporate infrared (“IR”) sensors, which do not require the simultaneous presence of oxygen. In addition, modern analysers which can measure carbon monoxide concentrations of 2000ppm or more offer distinct advantages when monitoring incidents of self-heating.
Source: The Swedish Club
About The Swedish Club
The Swedish Club is a leading marine mutual insurer, headquartered in Gothenburg, Sweden, and with offices in some of the world's strategic shipping centres. The Swedish Club is a true mutual organisation with focus on marine safety and loss prevention.
Established in 1872, it is owned and self-managed and under the direct control of its members. All strategic decisions are taken by a Board of Directors drawn from the members.
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Thursday, 28 April 16
PRICES OF POWER-STATION COAL IN INDONESIA IS INCREASING
COALspot.com: Inquiries for Indonesian 4200 - 4400 Kcal/kg GAR thermal coal cargoes from India suddenly increase recent days.
A Jakarta-based ...
Thursday, 28 April 16
KOMIPO TO IMPORT 710K MT OF BITUMINOUS COAL DURING JULY - SEPTEMBER 2016
COALspot.com: South Korea state-owned utility Korea Midland Power (KOMIPO) issued a new tender for 710,000 Metric Tons of Bituminous Coal for its B ...
Thursday, 28 April 16
CAPE: BIT MORE OPTIMISM IN THE MARKET; SUPRAMAX: FORWARD CURVE IS FALLING - FEARNLEYS
Cape
A bit of a slower week. Activity level has dropped, though the rates do still remain firm, says Fearnleys in its latest weekly report.
...
Wednesday, 27 April 16
THE OCEAN SHIPPING EXPERIENCED DRAMATIC VOLATILITY IN THE BEGINNING OF 2016 - PANOS TSILINGIRIS
Shipping’s new (ab)normal
The global economy and ocean shipping experienced dramatic volatility in the beginning of 2016 and as the glob ...
Wednesday, 27 April 16
INDONESIAN COAL MINER KIDECO REPORTED NET PROFIT OF US$138.1 MILLION IN 2015
COALspot.com: Kideco Jaya Agung, one of the Indonesia's leading coal miners has reported net profit of US$138.1 million on revenue of US$1.65 b ...
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- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Australian Coal Association
- Economic Council, Georgia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- The University of Queensland
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
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