We welcome article submissions from experts in the areas of coal, mining,
shipping, etc.
To Submit your article please click here.
|
|
|
Friday, 13 May 16
COAL CARGOES - SOME RECENT DEVELOPMENTS: SWEDISH CLUB
 KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Indonesia continues to be amongst the world’s major exporters of coal, some 426Mt being traded in 2013 mostly to India and China. The potential problems associated with coals from Indonesia are now well known to the shipping community and typically stem from a propensity of the material to self-heat, leading potentially to “spontaneous combustion”. Incidents continue to occur with barges of coal being presented for loading with stows that are evolving steam or even on fire.
Experience has enabled advice to be provided on how to manage such situations both by attending loading and discharge, or by advising remotely. More recently, however, incidents have occurred where gas readings have shown that coal already loaded exhibits not only self-heating characteristics but also significant methane emission. It may be the case that such cargoes are commercially selected blends of different mined products because coals with these two different properties are typically geologically distinct. The IMO International Maritime Solid Bulk Code entry for coal provides clear guidance as to how to deal with coals with either one property but the guidance is less clear if both are apparent. Moreover, the basic strategy for dealing with self-heating is to starve the coal of oxygen (i.e. air) by sealing the hatch covers and other openings, whereas for methane emission the strategy is to provide ventilation – the exact opposite. Such incidents, therefore, call for very careful management and the need for expert advice.
On board monitoring of coal cargoes in such situations relies to a very high degree on taking accurate gas readings, using equipment of the type specified in the IMSBC Code capable of measuring the concentrations of methane, oxygen and carbon monoxide. Although under “normal conditions” the Code indicates that one set of measurements per day is sufficient, if problems occur then in the initial stages this frequency might be considerably increased, perhaps to every two or three hours in order to monitor the conditions developing in the holds and the effectiveness of any actions taken.
The atmospheres that are sampled under such conditions may contain high concentrations of carbon monoxide and flammable gases (including methane) and virtually no oxygen. Experience shows that some sensors in gas detectors repeatedly exposed to such extremes may eventually not provide accurate readings or may fail altogether, although modern sensors may be somewhat less prone to these effects. In addition, the readings obtained from different instruments at the same time are rarely identical and sometimes vary greatly. As an extreme example, in a recent case it was found that two different gas analysers, both within their calibration dates and both ostensibly working normally, on occasion gave readings from the same location that were an order of magnitude apart. Clearly this could have a major effect on decision making.
On the same topic, at the 94th session of the IMO’s Maritime Safety Committee in November 2014, a new SOLAS regulation was agreed (XI-1/7) requiring that on or after 01 July 2016 all vessels (of 500 g.r.t. and above) must carry portable detectors capable of measuring the concentrations of oxygen, flammable gases, hydrogen sulphide and carbon monoxide along with the additional requirement that “suitable means shall be provided for the calibration of all such instruments”. It is hoped that by carrying calibration equipment, ship’s crews will be able more easily to identify when an analyser is not working correctly and needs to be serviced or replaced. Of course in many parts of the world technical facilities for the repair or replacement of analysers may not be immediately available. In the case of coal carriers loading in remote locations, Owners and Managers may thus wish to consider having a second calibrated analyser kept separately on board for back-up purposes.
When it comes to selecting suitable analysers, the IMSBC Code notes that the catalytic sensors used to measure methane concentrations (usually on the “%lel” scale) may not provide accurate results in atmospheres with a low oxygen content; “low” in this context typically being less than about 10%. This disadvantage can be overcome by the use of instruments that incorporate infrared (“IR”) sensors, which do not require the simultaneous presence of oxygen. In addition, modern analysers which can measure carbon monoxide concentrations of 2000ppm or more offer distinct advantages when monitoring incidents of self-heating.
Source: The Swedish Club
About The Swedish Club
The Swedish Club is a leading marine mutual insurer, headquartered in Gothenburg, Sweden, and with offices in some of the world's strategic shipping centres. The Swedish Club is a true mutual organisation with focus on marine safety and loss prevention.
Established in 1872, it is owned and self-managed and under the direct control of its members. All strategic decisions are taken by a Board of Directors drawn from the members.
If you believe an article violates your rights or the rights of others, please contact us.
|
|
Tuesday, 26 April 16
INDONESIA BANNED COAL EXPORTS TO PHILIPPINES BY BARGES DUE TO SECURITY CONCERN
COALspot.com: The Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM) on behalf of the government of Indonesia has Freeze coal exports by barges to Phi ...
Tuesday, 26 April 16
NEWBUILDING DEMAND DOWN EVERYWHERE? - CLARKSONS
Newbuild activity provides one indication of an owner country’s likely future fleet growth, though secondhand sale and purchase and demolitio ...
Monday, 25 April 16
CHINESE STEEL PRICE SURGE NOT SUSTAINABLE - FITCH
The rapid increase in Chinese steel prices so far this year is not sustainable, as it is largely due to a seasonal pick-up in construction and elev ...
Monday, 25 April 16
WEEKLY CS (I) COAL INDICES END ALMOST FLAT
COALspot.com: Average 5000 GAR coal index of Indonesian origin up 0.05 percent week over week to averaging $38.67 per ton on this past Friday, acco ...
Monday, 25 April 16
BALTIC DRY INDEX ENDS WEEK ON A POSITIVE NOTE
COALspot.com: The Baltic Exchange, tracking rates for ships carrying dry bulk commodities continued to rose this week.
The freight market was ...
|
|
|
Showing 2461 to 2465 news of total 6871 |
|
 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
 |
|
|
| |
|
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Australian Coal Association
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- PTC India Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
|
| |
| |
|
