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Friday, 13 May 16
COAL CARGOES - SOME RECENT DEVELOPMENTS: SWEDISH CLUB
 KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Indonesia continues to be amongst the world’s major exporters of coal, some 426Mt being traded in 2013 mostly to India and China. The potential problems associated with coals from Indonesia are now well known to the shipping community and typically stem from a propensity of the material to self-heat, leading potentially to “spontaneous combustion”. Incidents continue to occur with barges of coal being presented for loading with stows that are evolving steam or even on fire.
Experience has enabled advice to be provided on how to manage such situations both by attending loading and discharge, or by advising remotely. More recently, however, incidents have occurred where gas readings have shown that coal already loaded exhibits not only self-heating characteristics but also significant methane emission. It may be the case that such cargoes are commercially selected blends of different mined products because coals with these two different properties are typically geologically distinct. The IMO International Maritime Solid Bulk Code entry for coal provides clear guidance as to how to deal with coals with either one property but the guidance is less clear if both are apparent. Moreover, the basic strategy for dealing with self-heating is to starve the coal of oxygen (i.e. air) by sealing the hatch covers and other openings, whereas for methane emission the strategy is to provide ventilation – the exact opposite. Such incidents, therefore, call for very careful management and the need for expert advice.
On board monitoring of coal cargoes in such situations relies to a very high degree on taking accurate gas readings, using equipment of the type specified in the IMSBC Code capable of measuring the concentrations of methane, oxygen and carbon monoxide. Although under “normal conditions” the Code indicates that one set of measurements per day is sufficient, if problems occur then in the initial stages this frequency might be considerably increased, perhaps to every two or three hours in order to monitor the conditions developing in the holds and the effectiveness of any actions taken.
The atmospheres that are sampled under such conditions may contain high concentrations of carbon monoxide and flammable gases (including methane) and virtually no oxygen. Experience shows that some sensors in gas detectors repeatedly exposed to such extremes may eventually not provide accurate readings or may fail altogether, although modern sensors may be somewhat less prone to these effects. In addition, the readings obtained from different instruments at the same time are rarely identical and sometimes vary greatly. As an extreme example, in a recent case it was found that two different gas analysers, both within their calibration dates and both ostensibly working normally, on occasion gave readings from the same location that were an order of magnitude apart. Clearly this could have a major effect on decision making.
On the same topic, at the 94th session of the IMO’s Maritime Safety Committee in November 2014, a new SOLAS regulation was agreed (XI-1/7) requiring that on or after 01 July 2016 all vessels (of 500 g.r.t. and above) must carry portable detectors capable of measuring the concentrations of oxygen, flammable gases, hydrogen sulphide and carbon monoxide along with the additional requirement that “suitable means shall be provided for the calibration of all such instruments”. It is hoped that by carrying calibration equipment, ship’s crews will be able more easily to identify when an analyser is not working correctly and needs to be serviced or replaced. Of course in many parts of the world technical facilities for the repair or replacement of analysers may not be immediately available. In the case of coal carriers loading in remote locations, Owners and Managers may thus wish to consider having a second calibrated analyser kept separately on board for back-up purposes.
When it comes to selecting suitable analysers, the IMSBC Code notes that the catalytic sensors used to measure methane concentrations (usually on the “%lel” scale) may not provide accurate results in atmospheres with a low oxygen content; “low” in this context typically being less than about 10%. This disadvantage can be overcome by the use of instruments that incorporate infrared (“IR”) sensors, which do not require the simultaneous presence of oxygen. In addition, modern analysers which can measure carbon monoxide concentrations of 2000ppm or more offer distinct advantages when monitoring incidents of self-heating.
Source: The Swedish Club
About The Swedish Club
The Swedish Club is a leading marine mutual insurer, headquartered in Gothenburg, Sweden, and with offices in some of the world's strategic shipping centres. The Swedish Club is a true mutual organisation with focus on marine safety and loss prevention.
Established in 1872, it is owned and self-managed and under the direct control of its members. All strategic decisions are taken by a Board of Directors drawn from the members.
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Tuesday, 10 May 16
VOLATILITY? VARIATION NO ENIGMA TO SHIPPING..... - CLARKSONS
Along with cyclicality, the other characteristic of the shipping markets which receives frequent mention is volatility. This is so evident that the ...
Monday, 09 May 16
INDONESIAN CS COAL INDICES UP CONTINUES; POSITIVE DIRECTION
COALspot.com: Average 5000 GAR coal index of Indonesian origin up 0.10 percent week over week to averaging $38.82 per ton on this past Wednesday, a ...
Monday, 09 May 16
DRY BULK SHIPPING TO WITNESS STEADY PROGRESS MOVING FORWARD ON THE BACK OF GROWING TRADE VOLUMES - BIMCO
In its latest short-term analysis of the shipping markets, BIMCO reiterated its optimism on the prospects of the dry bulk market moving forward. Ac ...
Monday, 09 May 16
BALTIC DRY INDEX ENDS WEEK ON A NEGATIVE NOTE
COALspot.com: The Baltic Exchange, tracking rates for ships carrying dry bulk commodities decline this week.
The freight market was weak and a ...
Friday, 06 May 16
U.S. WEEKLY COAL PRODUCTION UP 9 PERCENT W/W; DOWN 35.3 PERCENT Y/Y - EIA
COALspot.com – U.S the world’s second largest coal producer has produced approximately totaled an estimated 11.3 million short to ...
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- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Planning Commission, India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- PTC India Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- The University of Queensland
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- VISA Power Limited - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Australian Coal Association
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
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