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Friday, 13 May 16
COAL CARGOES - SOME RECENT DEVELOPMENTS: SWEDISH CLUB
 KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Indonesia continues to be amongst the world’s major exporters of coal, some 426Mt being traded in 2013 mostly to India and China. The potential problems associated with coals from Indonesia are now well known to the shipping community and typically stem from a propensity of the material to self-heat, leading potentially to “spontaneous combustion”. Incidents continue to occur with barges of coal being presented for loading with stows that are evolving steam or even on fire.
Experience has enabled advice to be provided on how to manage such situations both by attending loading and discharge, or by advising remotely. More recently, however, incidents have occurred where gas readings have shown that coal already loaded exhibits not only self-heating characteristics but also significant methane emission. It may be the case that such cargoes are commercially selected blends of different mined products because coals with these two different properties are typically geologically distinct. The IMO International Maritime Solid Bulk Code entry for coal provides clear guidance as to how to deal with coals with either one property but the guidance is less clear if both are apparent. Moreover, the basic strategy for dealing with self-heating is to starve the coal of oxygen (i.e. air) by sealing the hatch covers and other openings, whereas for methane emission the strategy is to provide ventilation – the exact opposite. Such incidents, therefore, call for very careful management and the need for expert advice.
On board monitoring of coal cargoes in such situations relies to a very high degree on taking accurate gas readings, using equipment of the type specified in the IMSBC Code capable of measuring the concentrations of methane, oxygen and carbon monoxide. Although under “normal conditions” the Code indicates that one set of measurements per day is sufficient, if problems occur then in the initial stages this frequency might be considerably increased, perhaps to every two or three hours in order to monitor the conditions developing in the holds and the effectiveness of any actions taken.
The atmospheres that are sampled under such conditions may contain high concentrations of carbon monoxide and flammable gases (including methane) and virtually no oxygen. Experience shows that some sensors in gas detectors repeatedly exposed to such extremes may eventually not provide accurate readings or may fail altogether, although modern sensors may be somewhat less prone to these effects. In addition, the readings obtained from different instruments at the same time are rarely identical and sometimes vary greatly. As an extreme example, in a recent case it was found that two different gas analysers, both within their calibration dates and both ostensibly working normally, on occasion gave readings from the same location that were an order of magnitude apart. Clearly this could have a major effect on decision making.
On the same topic, at the 94th session of the IMO’s Maritime Safety Committee in November 2014, a new SOLAS regulation was agreed (XI-1/7) requiring that on or after 01 July 2016 all vessels (of 500 g.r.t. and above) must carry portable detectors capable of measuring the concentrations of oxygen, flammable gases, hydrogen sulphide and carbon monoxide along with the additional requirement that “suitable means shall be provided for the calibration of all such instruments”. It is hoped that by carrying calibration equipment, ship’s crews will be able more easily to identify when an analyser is not working correctly and needs to be serviced or replaced. Of course in many parts of the world technical facilities for the repair or replacement of analysers may not be immediately available. In the case of coal carriers loading in remote locations, Owners and Managers may thus wish to consider having a second calibrated analyser kept separately on board for back-up purposes.
When it comes to selecting suitable analysers, the IMSBC Code notes that the catalytic sensors used to measure methane concentrations (usually on the “%lel” scale) may not provide accurate results in atmospheres with a low oxygen content; “low” in this context typically being less than about 10%. This disadvantage can be overcome by the use of instruments that incorporate infrared (“IR”) sensors, which do not require the simultaneous presence of oxygen. In addition, modern analysers which can measure carbon monoxide concentrations of 2000ppm or more offer distinct advantages when monitoring incidents of self-heating.
Source: The Swedish Club
About The Swedish Club
The Swedish Club is a leading marine mutual insurer, headquartered in Gothenburg, Sweden, and with offices in some of the world's strategic shipping centres. The Swedish Club is a true mutual organisation with focus on marine safety and loss prevention.
Established in 1872, it is owned and self-managed and under the direct control of its members. All strategic decisions are taken by a Board of Directors drawn from the members.
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Monday, 16 May 16
THE FREIGHT MARKET WAS WEAK AND ALL SEGMENTS EXCEPT PANAMAX WERE DOWN
COALspot.com: The Baltic Exchange, tracking rates for ships carrying dry bulk commodities decline this week.
The freight market was weak and a ...
Friday, 13 May 16
US WEEKLY COAL PRODUCTION IS RUNNING 33% BELOW THE SAME PERIOD IN 2015 - EIA
COALspot.com – U.S the world’s second largest coal producer has produced approximately totaled an estimated 10.9 million short tons (mm ...
Friday, 13 May 16
DRY BULK SHIPPING MARKET RECOVERY WILL BE A LONG, HARD-FOUGHT BATTLE - HELLENIC SHIPPING NEWS
Anyone who expects a strong rally in dry bulk market rates to end the industry’s downturn will be bitterly disappointed. By contrast – ...
Wednesday, 11 May 16
U.S. FORECAST COAL PRODUCTION IS EXPECTED TO DECLINED BY 150 MMST IN 2016; THE LARGEST DECLINE SINCE 1949 - EIA
COALspot.com: EIA estimates that U.S. coal production in April was 46 million short tons (MMst), a 6 MMst (12%) decrease from the previous month an ...
Wednesday, 11 May 16
MARKET INSIGHT - KATERINA RESTIS
On Saturday 7th May, Riyadh replaced the long-serving oil minister of more than two decades, Ali-Al-Naimi, as part of a major government overhaul, ...
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Showing 2436 to 2440 news of total 6871 |
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- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Australian Coal Association
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- The University of Queensland
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Planning Commission, India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- White Energy Company Limited
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
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