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Friday, 13 May 16
COAL CARGOES - SOME RECENT DEVELOPMENTS: SWEDISH CLUB
 KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Indonesia continues to be amongst the world’s major exporters of coal, some 426Mt being traded in 2013 mostly to India and China. The potential problems associated with coals from Indonesia are now well known to the shipping community and typically stem from a propensity of the material to self-heat, leading potentially to “spontaneous combustion”. Incidents continue to occur with barges of coal being presented for loading with stows that are evolving steam or even on fire.
Experience has enabled advice to be provided on how to manage such situations both by attending loading and discharge, or by advising remotely. More recently, however, incidents have occurred where gas readings have shown that coal already loaded exhibits not only self-heating characteristics but also significant methane emission. It may be the case that such cargoes are commercially selected blends of different mined products because coals with these two different properties are typically geologically distinct. The IMO International Maritime Solid Bulk Code entry for coal provides clear guidance as to how to deal with coals with either one property but the guidance is less clear if both are apparent. Moreover, the basic strategy for dealing with self-heating is to starve the coal of oxygen (i.e. air) by sealing the hatch covers and other openings, whereas for methane emission the strategy is to provide ventilation – the exact opposite. Such incidents, therefore, call for very careful management and the need for expert advice.
On board monitoring of coal cargoes in such situations relies to a very high degree on taking accurate gas readings, using equipment of the type specified in the IMSBC Code capable of measuring the concentrations of methane, oxygen and carbon monoxide. Although under “normal conditions” the Code indicates that one set of measurements per day is sufficient, if problems occur then in the initial stages this frequency might be considerably increased, perhaps to every two or three hours in order to monitor the conditions developing in the holds and the effectiveness of any actions taken.
The atmospheres that are sampled under such conditions may contain high concentrations of carbon monoxide and flammable gases (including methane) and virtually no oxygen. Experience shows that some sensors in gas detectors repeatedly exposed to such extremes may eventually not provide accurate readings or may fail altogether, although modern sensors may be somewhat less prone to these effects. In addition, the readings obtained from different instruments at the same time are rarely identical and sometimes vary greatly. As an extreme example, in a recent case it was found that two different gas analysers, both within their calibration dates and both ostensibly working normally, on occasion gave readings from the same location that were an order of magnitude apart. Clearly this could have a major effect on decision making.
On the same topic, at the 94th session of the IMO’s Maritime Safety Committee in November 2014, a new SOLAS regulation was agreed (XI-1/7) requiring that on or after 01 July 2016 all vessels (of 500 g.r.t. and above) must carry portable detectors capable of measuring the concentrations of oxygen, flammable gases, hydrogen sulphide and carbon monoxide along with the additional requirement that “suitable means shall be provided for the calibration of all such instruments”. It is hoped that by carrying calibration equipment, ship’s crews will be able more easily to identify when an analyser is not working correctly and needs to be serviced or replaced. Of course in many parts of the world technical facilities for the repair or replacement of analysers may not be immediately available. In the case of coal carriers loading in remote locations, Owners and Managers may thus wish to consider having a second calibrated analyser kept separately on board for back-up purposes.
When it comes to selecting suitable analysers, the IMSBC Code notes that the catalytic sensors used to measure methane concentrations (usually on the “%lel” scale) may not provide accurate results in atmospheres with a low oxygen content; “low” in this context typically being less than about 10%. This disadvantage can be overcome by the use of instruments that incorporate infrared (“IR”) sensors, which do not require the simultaneous presence of oxygen. In addition, modern analysers which can measure carbon monoxide concentrations of 2000ppm or more offer distinct advantages when monitoring incidents of self-heating.
Source: The Swedish Club
About The Swedish Club
The Swedish Club is a leading marine mutual insurer, headquartered in Gothenburg, Sweden, and with offices in some of the world's strategic shipping centres. The Swedish Club is a true mutual organisation with focus on marine safety and loss prevention.
Established in 1872, it is owned and self-managed and under the direct control of its members. All strategic decisions are taken by a Board of Directors drawn from the members.
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Monday, 16 May 16
THE FREIGHT MARKET WAS WEAK AND ALL SEGMENTS EXCEPT PANAMAX WERE DOWN
COALspot.com: The Baltic Exchange, tracking rates for ships carrying dry bulk commodities decline this week.
The freight market was weak and a ...
Friday, 13 May 16
US WEEKLY COAL PRODUCTION IS RUNNING 33% BELOW THE SAME PERIOD IN 2015 - EIA
COALspot.com – U.S the world’s second largest coal producer has produced approximately totaled an estimated 10.9 million short tons (mm ...
Friday, 13 May 16
DRY BULK SHIPPING MARKET RECOVERY WILL BE A LONG, HARD-FOUGHT BATTLE - HELLENIC SHIPPING NEWS
Anyone who expects a strong rally in dry bulk market rates to end the industry’s downturn will be bitterly disappointed. By contrast – ...
Wednesday, 11 May 16
U.S. FORECAST COAL PRODUCTION IS EXPECTED TO DECLINED BY 150 MMST IN 2016; THE LARGEST DECLINE SINCE 1949 - EIA
COALspot.com: EIA estimates that U.S. coal production in April was 46 million short tons (MMst), a 6 MMst (12%) decrease from the previous month an ...
Wednesday, 11 May 16
MARKET INSIGHT - KATERINA RESTIS
On Saturday 7th May, Riyadh replaced the long-serving oil minister of more than two decades, Ali-Al-Naimi, as part of a major government overhaul, ...
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Showing 2436 to 2440 news of total 6871 |
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- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- The University of Queensland
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- PTC India Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
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