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Friday, 13 May 16
COAL CARGOES - SOME RECENT DEVELOPMENTS: SWEDISH CLUB
 KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Indonesia continues to be amongst the world’s major exporters of coal, some 426Mt being traded in 2013 mostly to India and China. The potential problems associated with coals from Indonesia are now well known to the shipping community and typically stem from a propensity of the material to self-heat, leading potentially to “spontaneous combustion”. Incidents continue to occur with barges of coal being presented for loading with stows that are evolving steam or even on fire.
Experience has enabled advice to be provided on how to manage such situations both by attending loading and discharge, or by advising remotely. More recently, however, incidents have occurred where gas readings have shown that coal already loaded exhibits not only self-heating characteristics but also significant methane emission. It may be the case that such cargoes are commercially selected blends of different mined products because coals with these two different properties are typically geologically distinct. The IMO International Maritime Solid Bulk Code entry for coal provides clear guidance as to how to deal with coals with either one property but the guidance is less clear if both are apparent. Moreover, the basic strategy for dealing with self-heating is to starve the coal of oxygen (i.e. air) by sealing the hatch covers and other openings, whereas for methane emission the strategy is to provide ventilation – the exact opposite. Such incidents, therefore, call for very careful management and the need for expert advice.
On board monitoring of coal cargoes in such situations relies to a very high degree on taking accurate gas readings, using equipment of the type specified in the IMSBC Code capable of measuring the concentrations of methane, oxygen and carbon monoxide. Although under “normal conditions” the Code indicates that one set of measurements per day is sufficient, if problems occur then in the initial stages this frequency might be considerably increased, perhaps to every two or three hours in order to monitor the conditions developing in the holds and the effectiveness of any actions taken.
The atmospheres that are sampled under such conditions may contain high concentrations of carbon monoxide and flammable gases (including methane) and virtually no oxygen. Experience shows that some sensors in gas detectors repeatedly exposed to such extremes may eventually not provide accurate readings or may fail altogether, although modern sensors may be somewhat less prone to these effects. In addition, the readings obtained from different instruments at the same time are rarely identical and sometimes vary greatly. As an extreme example, in a recent case it was found that two different gas analysers, both within their calibration dates and both ostensibly working normally, on occasion gave readings from the same location that were an order of magnitude apart. Clearly this could have a major effect on decision making.
On the same topic, at the 94th session of the IMO’s Maritime Safety Committee in November 2014, a new SOLAS regulation was agreed (XI-1/7) requiring that on or after 01 July 2016 all vessels (of 500 g.r.t. and above) must carry portable detectors capable of measuring the concentrations of oxygen, flammable gases, hydrogen sulphide and carbon monoxide along with the additional requirement that “suitable means shall be provided for the calibration of all such instruments”. It is hoped that by carrying calibration equipment, ship’s crews will be able more easily to identify when an analyser is not working correctly and needs to be serviced or replaced. Of course in many parts of the world technical facilities for the repair or replacement of analysers may not be immediately available. In the case of coal carriers loading in remote locations, Owners and Managers may thus wish to consider having a second calibrated analyser kept separately on board for back-up purposes.
When it comes to selecting suitable analysers, the IMSBC Code notes that the catalytic sensors used to measure methane concentrations (usually on the “%lel” scale) may not provide accurate results in atmospheres with a low oxygen content; “low” in this context typically being less than about 10%. This disadvantage can be overcome by the use of instruments that incorporate infrared (“IR”) sensors, which do not require the simultaneous presence of oxygen. In addition, modern analysers which can measure carbon monoxide concentrations of 2000ppm or more offer distinct advantages when monitoring incidents of self-heating.
Source: The Swedish Club
About The Swedish Club
The Swedish Club is a leading marine mutual insurer, headquartered in Gothenburg, Sweden, and with offices in some of the world's strategic shipping centres. The Swedish Club is a true mutual organisation with focus on marine safety and loss prevention.
Established in 1872, it is owned and self-managed and under the direct control of its members. All strategic decisions are taken by a Board of Directors drawn from the members.
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Tuesday, 17 May 16
INDONESIAN COAL PRICE REFERENCE DECLINE AGAIN
COALspot.com: The Indonesia Coal Benchmark Price declined in May 2016.
The Director General of Mineral and Coal of Indonesia, the regulator of ...
Tuesday, 17 May 16
CHINA THERMAL-POWER OVERSUPPLY TO WORSEN - FITCH
COALspot.com: The overcapacity in thermal-power generation in China is likely to worsen in 2016 to 2017, Fitch Ratings says in a new report.
F ...
Tuesday, 17 May 16
ON YOUR MARKS: TRACKING CHINESE TRADE - CLARKSONS
One of the major drivers behind the challenges currently facing many of the shipping markets has been slower demand growth. World seaborne trade gr ...
Monday, 16 May 16
INDONESIAN WEEKLY COAL INDICES AT POSITIVE LEVELS - CS (I) COAL INDEX
COALspot.com: Average 5000 GAR coal index of Indonesian origin up 0.31 percent week over week to averaging $38.94 per ton this past week, shows CS ...
Monday, 16 May 16
OPEC SEES RIVAL OIL PRODUCTION DECLINING
Crude Oil Price Movements
The OPEC Reference Basket averaged $37.86/b in April, a gain of $3.21 or 9.3%. This was 40% higher than the lows reache ...
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- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Australian Coal Association
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- The University of Queensland
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
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