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Friday, 13 May 16
COAL CARGOES - SOME RECENT DEVELOPMENTS: SWEDISH CLUB
 KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Indonesia continues to be amongst the world’s major exporters of coal, some 426Mt being traded in 2013 mostly to India and China. The potential problems associated with coals from Indonesia are now well known to the shipping community and typically stem from a propensity of the material to self-heat, leading potentially to “spontaneous combustion”. Incidents continue to occur with barges of coal being presented for loading with stows that are evolving steam or even on fire.
Experience has enabled advice to be provided on how to manage such situations both by attending loading and discharge, or by advising remotely. More recently, however, incidents have occurred where gas readings have shown that coal already loaded exhibits not only self-heating characteristics but also significant methane emission. It may be the case that such cargoes are commercially selected blends of different mined products because coals with these two different properties are typically geologically distinct. The IMO International Maritime Solid Bulk Code entry for coal provides clear guidance as to how to deal with coals with either one property but the guidance is less clear if both are apparent. Moreover, the basic strategy for dealing with self-heating is to starve the coal of oxygen (i.e. air) by sealing the hatch covers and other openings, whereas for methane emission the strategy is to provide ventilation – the exact opposite. Such incidents, therefore, call for very careful management and the need for expert advice.
On board monitoring of coal cargoes in such situations relies to a very high degree on taking accurate gas readings, using equipment of the type specified in the IMSBC Code capable of measuring the concentrations of methane, oxygen and carbon monoxide. Although under “normal conditions” the Code indicates that one set of measurements per day is sufficient, if problems occur then in the initial stages this frequency might be considerably increased, perhaps to every two or three hours in order to monitor the conditions developing in the holds and the effectiveness of any actions taken.
The atmospheres that are sampled under such conditions may contain high concentrations of carbon monoxide and flammable gases (including methane) and virtually no oxygen. Experience shows that some sensors in gas detectors repeatedly exposed to such extremes may eventually not provide accurate readings or may fail altogether, although modern sensors may be somewhat less prone to these effects. In addition, the readings obtained from different instruments at the same time are rarely identical and sometimes vary greatly. As an extreme example, in a recent case it was found that two different gas analysers, both within their calibration dates and both ostensibly working normally, on occasion gave readings from the same location that were an order of magnitude apart. Clearly this could have a major effect on decision making.
On the same topic, at the 94th session of the IMO’s Maritime Safety Committee in November 2014, a new SOLAS regulation was agreed (XI-1/7) requiring that on or after 01 July 2016 all vessels (of 500 g.r.t. and above) must carry portable detectors capable of measuring the concentrations of oxygen, flammable gases, hydrogen sulphide and carbon monoxide along with the additional requirement that “suitable means shall be provided for the calibration of all such instruments”. It is hoped that by carrying calibration equipment, ship’s crews will be able more easily to identify when an analyser is not working correctly and needs to be serviced or replaced. Of course in many parts of the world technical facilities for the repair or replacement of analysers may not be immediately available. In the case of coal carriers loading in remote locations, Owners and Managers may thus wish to consider having a second calibrated analyser kept separately on board for back-up purposes.
When it comes to selecting suitable analysers, the IMSBC Code notes that the catalytic sensors used to measure methane concentrations (usually on the “%lel” scale) may not provide accurate results in atmospheres with a low oxygen content; “low” in this context typically being less than about 10%. This disadvantage can be overcome by the use of instruments that incorporate infrared (“IR”) sensors, which do not require the simultaneous presence of oxygen. In addition, modern analysers which can measure carbon monoxide concentrations of 2000ppm or more offer distinct advantages when monitoring incidents of self-heating.
Source: The Swedish Club
About The Swedish Club
The Swedish Club is a leading marine mutual insurer, headquartered in Gothenburg, Sweden, and with offices in some of the world's strategic shipping centres. The Swedish Club is a true mutual organisation with focus on marine safety and loss prevention.
Established in 1872, it is owned and self-managed and under the direct control of its members. All strategic decisions are taken by a Board of Directors drawn from the members.
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Friday, 20 May 16
U.S COAL PRODUCTION FOR THE WEEK ENDED 14 MAY TOTALED 11.4 MMST; UP 3.8% W/W
COALspot.com – U.S the world’s second largest coal producer has produced approximately totaled an estimated 11.4 million short tons (mm ...
Thursday, 19 May 16
AUSTRALIAN IRON ORE CARGOES PUSHED UP THE FREIGHT RATES FOR CAPE THIS WEEK - FEARNLEYS
Cape
It has been a big jump in the freight rates for Cape size this week, says Fearnleys in its latest weekly report. All of the Australian iron ...
Thursday, 19 May 16
DISPUTE OVER VAT ON COAL DRAGS ON, CAUSING DOUBLE-BLOW TO MINERS - JP
The dispute over the value-added tax ( VAT ) mechanism between coal miners operating under third-generation contracts and the Finance Ministry&rsqu ...
Wednesday, 18 May 16
DRY BULK OUTLOOK REMAINS GLOOMY SAYS DANISH SHIP FINANCE, AS SHIPPING NEEDS TO RETHINK BUSINESS MODEL - HELLENIC SHIPPING
Our Shipping Market Review – May 2016 is devoted to the fourth industrial revolution. To understand the truly disruptive nature of the fourth ...
Wednesday, 18 May 16
LONG TERM FUNDAMENTALS ARE SLOWLY IMPROVING FOR THE DRY BULK MARKET - INTERMODAL
As we are approaching the end of the first half of the year, there is a number of market participants over at the dry bulk sector that have started ...
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Showing 2426 to 2430 news of total 6871 |
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- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Planning Commission, India
- The University of Queensland
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- White Energy Company Limited
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- PTC India Limited - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
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