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Friday, 13 May 16
COAL CARGOES - SOME RECENT DEVELOPMENTS: SWEDISH CLUB
 KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Indonesia continues to be amongst the world’s major exporters of coal, some 426Mt being traded in 2013 mostly to India and China. The potential problems associated with coals from Indonesia are now well known to the shipping community and typically stem from a propensity of the material to self-heat, leading potentially to “spontaneous combustion”. Incidents continue to occur with barges of coal being presented for loading with stows that are evolving steam or even on fire.
Experience has enabled advice to be provided on how to manage such situations both by attending loading and discharge, or by advising remotely. More recently, however, incidents have occurred where gas readings have shown that coal already loaded exhibits not only self-heating characteristics but also significant methane emission. It may be the case that such cargoes are commercially selected blends of different mined products because coals with these two different properties are typically geologically distinct. The IMO International Maritime Solid Bulk Code entry for coal provides clear guidance as to how to deal with coals with either one property but the guidance is less clear if both are apparent. Moreover, the basic strategy for dealing with self-heating is to starve the coal of oxygen (i.e. air) by sealing the hatch covers and other openings, whereas for methane emission the strategy is to provide ventilation – the exact opposite. Such incidents, therefore, call for very careful management and the need for expert advice.
On board monitoring of coal cargoes in such situations relies to a very high degree on taking accurate gas readings, using equipment of the type specified in the IMSBC Code capable of measuring the concentrations of methane, oxygen and carbon monoxide. Although under “normal conditions” the Code indicates that one set of measurements per day is sufficient, if problems occur then in the initial stages this frequency might be considerably increased, perhaps to every two or three hours in order to monitor the conditions developing in the holds and the effectiveness of any actions taken.
The atmospheres that are sampled under such conditions may contain high concentrations of carbon monoxide and flammable gases (including methane) and virtually no oxygen. Experience shows that some sensors in gas detectors repeatedly exposed to such extremes may eventually not provide accurate readings or may fail altogether, although modern sensors may be somewhat less prone to these effects. In addition, the readings obtained from different instruments at the same time are rarely identical and sometimes vary greatly. As an extreme example, in a recent case it was found that two different gas analysers, both within their calibration dates and both ostensibly working normally, on occasion gave readings from the same location that were an order of magnitude apart. Clearly this could have a major effect on decision making.
On the same topic, at the 94th session of the IMO’s Maritime Safety Committee in November 2014, a new SOLAS regulation was agreed (XI-1/7) requiring that on or after 01 July 2016 all vessels (of 500 g.r.t. and above) must carry portable detectors capable of measuring the concentrations of oxygen, flammable gases, hydrogen sulphide and carbon monoxide along with the additional requirement that “suitable means shall be provided for the calibration of all such instruments”. It is hoped that by carrying calibration equipment, ship’s crews will be able more easily to identify when an analyser is not working correctly and needs to be serviced or replaced. Of course in many parts of the world technical facilities for the repair or replacement of analysers may not be immediately available. In the case of coal carriers loading in remote locations, Owners and Managers may thus wish to consider having a second calibrated analyser kept separately on board for back-up purposes.
When it comes to selecting suitable analysers, the IMSBC Code notes that the catalytic sensors used to measure methane concentrations (usually on the “%lel” scale) may not provide accurate results in atmospheres with a low oxygen content; “low” in this context typically being less than about 10%. This disadvantage can be overcome by the use of instruments that incorporate infrared (“IR”) sensors, which do not require the simultaneous presence of oxygen. In addition, modern analysers which can measure carbon monoxide concentrations of 2000ppm or more offer distinct advantages when monitoring incidents of self-heating.
Source: The Swedish Club
About The Swedish Club
The Swedish Club is a leading marine mutual insurer, headquartered in Gothenburg, Sweden, and with offices in some of the world's strategic shipping centres. The Swedish Club is a true mutual organisation with focus on marine safety and loss prevention.
Established in 1872, it is owned and self-managed and under the direct control of its members. All strategic decisions are taken by a Board of Directors drawn from the members.
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Friday, 20 May 16
U.S COAL PRODUCTION FOR THE WEEK ENDED 14 MAY TOTALED 11.4 MMST; UP 3.8% W/W
COALspot.com – U.S the world’s second largest coal producer has produced approximately totaled an estimated 11.4 million short tons (mm ...
Thursday, 19 May 16
AUSTRALIAN IRON ORE CARGOES PUSHED UP THE FREIGHT RATES FOR CAPE THIS WEEK - FEARNLEYS
Cape
It has been a big jump in the freight rates for Cape size this week, says Fearnleys in its latest weekly report. All of the Australian iron ...
Thursday, 19 May 16
DISPUTE OVER VAT ON COAL DRAGS ON, CAUSING DOUBLE-BLOW TO MINERS - JP
The dispute over the value-added tax ( VAT ) mechanism between coal miners operating under third-generation contracts and the Finance Ministry&rsqu ...
Wednesday, 18 May 16
DRY BULK OUTLOOK REMAINS GLOOMY SAYS DANISH SHIP FINANCE, AS SHIPPING NEEDS TO RETHINK BUSINESS MODEL - HELLENIC SHIPPING
Our Shipping Market Review – May 2016 is devoted to the fourth industrial revolution. To understand the truly disruptive nature of the fourth ...
Wednesday, 18 May 16
LONG TERM FUNDAMENTALS ARE SLOWLY IMPROVING FOR THE DRY BULK MARKET - INTERMODAL
As we are approaching the end of the first half of the year, there is a number of market participants over at the dry bulk sector that have started ...
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Showing 2426 to 2430 news of total 6871 |
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- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Economic Council, Georgia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
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