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Friday, 13 May 16
COAL CARGOES - SOME RECENT DEVELOPMENTS: SWEDISH CLUB
 KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Indonesia continues to be amongst the world’s major exporters of coal, some 426Mt being traded in 2013 mostly to India and China. The potential problems associated with coals from Indonesia are now well known to the shipping community and typically stem from a propensity of the material to self-heat, leading potentially to “spontaneous combustion”. Incidents continue to occur with barges of coal being presented for loading with stows that are evolving steam or even on fire.
Experience has enabled advice to be provided on how to manage such situations both by attending loading and discharge, or by advising remotely. More recently, however, incidents have occurred where gas readings have shown that coal already loaded exhibits not only self-heating characteristics but also significant methane emission. It may be the case that such cargoes are commercially selected blends of different mined products because coals with these two different properties are typically geologically distinct. The IMO International Maritime Solid Bulk Code entry for coal provides clear guidance as to how to deal with coals with either one property but the guidance is less clear if both are apparent. Moreover, the basic strategy for dealing with self-heating is to starve the coal of oxygen (i.e. air) by sealing the hatch covers and other openings, whereas for methane emission the strategy is to provide ventilation – the exact opposite. Such incidents, therefore, call for very careful management and the need for expert advice.
On board monitoring of coal cargoes in such situations relies to a very high degree on taking accurate gas readings, using equipment of the type specified in the IMSBC Code capable of measuring the concentrations of methane, oxygen and carbon monoxide. Although under “normal conditions” the Code indicates that one set of measurements per day is sufficient, if problems occur then in the initial stages this frequency might be considerably increased, perhaps to every two or three hours in order to monitor the conditions developing in the holds and the effectiveness of any actions taken.
The atmospheres that are sampled under such conditions may contain high concentrations of carbon monoxide and flammable gases (including methane) and virtually no oxygen. Experience shows that some sensors in gas detectors repeatedly exposed to such extremes may eventually not provide accurate readings or may fail altogether, although modern sensors may be somewhat less prone to these effects. In addition, the readings obtained from different instruments at the same time are rarely identical and sometimes vary greatly. As an extreme example, in a recent case it was found that two different gas analysers, both within their calibration dates and both ostensibly working normally, on occasion gave readings from the same location that were an order of magnitude apart. Clearly this could have a major effect on decision making.
On the same topic, at the 94th session of the IMO’s Maritime Safety Committee in November 2014, a new SOLAS regulation was agreed (XI-1/7) requiring that on or after 01 July 2016 all vessels (of 500 g.r.t. and above) must carry portable detectors capable of measuring the concentrations of oxygen, flammable gases, hydrogen sulphide and carbon monoxide along with the additional requirement that “suitable means shall be provided for the calibration of all such instruments”. It is hoped that by carrying calibration equipment, ship’s crews will be able more easily to identify when an analyser is not working correctly and needs to be serviced or replaced. Of course in many parts of the world technical facilities for the repair or replacement of analysers may not be immediately available. In the case of coal carriers loading in remote locations, Owners and Managers may thus wish to consider having a second calibrated analyser kept separately on board for back-up purposes.
When it comes to selecting suitable analysers, the IMSBC Code notes that the catalytic sensors used to measure methane concentrations (usually on the “%lel” scale) may not provide accurate results in atmospheres with a low oxygen content; “low” in this context typically being less than about 10%. This disadvantage can be overcome by the use of instruments that incorporate infrared (“IR”) sensors, which do not require the simultaneous presence of oxygen. In addition, modern analysers which can measure carbon monoxide concentrations of 2000ppm or more offer distinct advantages when monitoring incidents of self-heating.
Source: The Swedish Club
About The Swedish Club
The Swedish Club is a leading marine mutual insurer, headquartered in Gothenburg, Sweden, and with offices in some of the world's strategic shipping centres. The Swedish Club is a true mutual organisation with focus on marine safety and loss prevention.
Established in 1872, it is owned and self-managed and under the direct control of its members. All strategic decisions are taken by a Board of Directors drawn from the members.
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Wednesday, 25 May 16
DRY BULK SNP MARKET DISPLAYS SIGNS OF STRENGTH - GEORGE ILIOPOULOS
Only a couple of weeks away from the world’s most prominent maritime event, the market for tankers displays an evident lack of confidence in ...
Tuesday, 24 May 16
WEEKLY CS COAL INDICES NEGATIVE FOR ALL TYPES OF COAL EXCEPT 3800 GAR COAL
COALspot.com: Average 5000 GAR coal index of Indonesian origin was down 0.10 percent week over week to averaging $38.90 per ton this past week, sho ...
Monday, 23 May 16
A PERFECT STORM FOR INDONESIAN STEAM COAL EXPORTS - CLARKSON RESEARCH
Indonesia is the world’s leading steam coal exporter, accounting for over 40% of global seaborne steam coal exports since 2010. However in 20 ...
Monday, 23 May 16
THE PANAMAX INDEX WAS UP 17 POINTS W/W
COALspot.com: The Baltic Exchange, tracking rates for ships carrying dry bulk commodities rose this week.
The freight market was firm and all ...
Friday, 20 May 16
SHIPBUILDING CONTRACTS: CAN I CANCEL? SHOULD I CANCEL? - THE SHIPOWNER CLUB
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
There are many circumstances in which a buyer of a new-build vessel might want to terminate or cancel their contract with ...
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- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Minerals Council of Australia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Australian Coal Association
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Planning Commission, India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- PTC India Limited - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
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