We welcome article submissions from experts in the areas of coal, mining,
shipping, etc.
To Submit your article please click here.
|
|
|
Friday, 13 May 16
COAL CARGOES - SOME RECENT DEVELOPMENTS: SWEDISH CLUB
 KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Indonesia continues to be amongst the world’s major exporters of coal, some 426Mt being traded in 2013 mostly to India and China. The potential problems associated with coals from Indonesia are now well known to the shipping community and typically stem from a propensity of the material to self-heat, leading potentially to “spontaneous combustion”. Incidents continue to occur with barges of coal being presented for loading with stows that are evolving steam or even on fire.
Experience has enabled advice to be provided on how to manage such situations both by attending loading and discharge, or by advising remotely. More recently, however, incidents have occurred where gas readings have shown that coal already loaded exhibits not only self-heating characteristics but also significant methane emission. It may be the case that such cargoes are commercially selected blends of different mined products because coals with these two different properties are typically geologically distinct. The IMO International Maritime Solid Bulk Code entry for coal provides clear guidance as to how to deal with coals with either one property but the guidance is less clear if both are apparent. Moreover, the basic strategy for dealing with self-heating is to starve the coal of oxygen (i.e. air) by sealing the hatch covers and other openings, whereas for methane emission the strategy is to provide ventilation – the exact opposite. Such incidents, therefore, call for very careful management and the need for expert advice.
On board monitoring of coal cargoes in such situations relies to a very high degree on taking accurate gas readings, using equipment of the type specified in the IMSBC Code capable of measuring the concentrations of methane, oxygen and carbon monoxide. Although under “normal conditions” the Code indicates that one set of measurements per day is sufficient, if problems occur then in the initial stages this frequency might be considerably increased, perhaps to every two or three hours in order to monitor the conditions developing in the holds and the effectiveness of any actions taken.
The atmospheres that are sampled under such conditions may contain high concentrations of carbon monoxide and flammable gases (including methane) and virtually no oxygen. Experience shows that some sensors in gas detectors repeatedly exposed to such extremes may eventually not provide accurate readings or may fail altogether, although modern sensors may be somewhat less prone to these effects. In addition, the readings obtained from different instruments at the same time are rarely identical and sometimes vary greatly. As an extreme example, in a recent case it was found that two different gas analysers, both within their calibration dates and both ostensibly working normally, on occasion gave readings from the same location that were an order of magnitude apart. Clearly this could have a major effect on decision making.
On the same topic, at the 94th session of the IMO’s Maritime Safety Committee in November 2014, a new SOLAS regulation was agreed (XI-1/7) requiring that on or after 01 July 2016 all vessels (of 500 g.r.t. and above) must carry portable detectors capable of measuring the concentrations of oxygen, flammable gases, hydrogen sulphide and carbon monoxide along with the additional requirement that “suitable means shall be provided for the calibration of all such instruments”. It is hoped that by carrying calibration equipment, ship’s crews will be able more easily to identify when an analyser is not working correctly and needs to be serviced or replaced. Of course in many parts of the world technical facilities for the repair or replacement of analysers may not be immediately available. In the case of coal carriers loading in remote locations, Owners and Managers may thus wish to consider having a second calibrated analyser kept separately on board for back-up purposes.
When it comes to selecting suitable analysers, the IMSBC Code notes that the catalytic sensors used to measure methane concentrations (usually on the “%lel” scale) may not provide accurate results in atmospheres with a low oxygen content; “low” in this context typically being less than about 10%. This disadvantage can be overcome by the use of instruments that incorporate infrared (“IR”) sensors, which do not require the simultaneous presence of oxygen. In addition, modern analysers which can measure carbon monoxide concentrations of 2000ppm or more offer distinct advantages when monitoring incidents of self-heating.
Source: The Swedish Club
About The Swedish Club
The Swedish Club is a leading marine mutual insurer, headquartered in Gothenburg, Sweden, and with offices in some of the world's strategic shipping centres. The Swedish Club is a true mutual organisation with focus on marine safety and loss prevention.
Established in 1872, it is owned and self-managed and under the direct control of its members. All strategic decisions are taken by a Board of Directors drawn from the members.
If you believe an article violates your rights or the rights of others, please contact us.
|
|
Wednesday, 25 May 16
DRY BULK SNP MARKET DISPLAYS SIGNS OF STRENGTH - GEORGE ILIOPOULOS
Only a couple of weeks away from the world’s most prominent maritime event, the market for tankers displays an evident lack of confidence in ...
Tuesday, 24 May 16
WEEKLY CS COAL INDICES NEGATIVE FOR ALL TYPES OF COAL EXCEPT 3800 GAR COAL
COALspot.com: Average 5000 GAR coal index of Indonesian origin was down 0.10 percent week over week to averaging $38.90 per ton this past week, sho ...
Monday, 23 May 16
A PERFECT STORM FOR INDONESIAN STEAM COAL EXPORTS - CLARKSON RESEARCH
Indonesia is the world’s leading steam coal exporter, accounting for over 40% of global seaborne steam coal exports since 2010. However in 20 ...
Monday, 23 May 16
THE PANAMAX INDEX WAS UP 17 POINTS W/W
COALspot.com: The Baltic Exchange, tracking rates for ships carrying dry bulk commodities rose this week.
The freight market was firm and all ...
Friday, 20 May 16
SHIPBUILDING CONTRACTS: CAN I CANCEL? SHOULD I CANCEL? - THE SHIPOWNER CLUB
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
There are many circumstances in which a buyer of a new-build vessel might want to terminate or cancel their contract with ...
|
|
|
Showing 2421 to 2425 news of total 6871 |
|
 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
 |
|
|
| |
|
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- The University of Queensland
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Planning Commission, India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
|
| |
| |
|
