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Friday, 13 May 16
COAL CARGOES - SOME RECENT DEVELOPMENTS: SWEDISH CLUB
 KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Indonesia continues to be amongst the world’s major exporters of coal, some 426Mt being traded in 2013 mostly to India and China. The potential problems associated with coals from Indonesia are now well known to the shipping community and typically stem from a propensity of the material to self-heat, leading potentially to “spontaneous combustion”. Incidents continue to occur with barges of coal being presented for loading with stows that are evolving steam or even on fire.
Experience has enabled advice to be provided on how to manage such situations both by attending loading and discharge, or by advising remotely. More recently, however, incidents have occurred where gas readings have shown that coal already loaded exhibits not only self-heating characteristics but also significant methane emission. It may be the case that such cargoes are commercially selected blends of different mined products because coals with these two different properties are typically geologically distinct. The IMO International Maritime Solid Bulk Code entry for coal provides clear guidance as to how to deal with coals with either one property but the guidance is less clear if both are apparent. Moreover, the basic strategy for dealing with self-heating is to starve the coal of oxygen (i.e. air) by sealing the hatch covers and other openings, whereas for methane emission the strategy is to provide ventilation – the exact opposite. Such incidents, therefore, call for very careful management and the need for expert advice.
On board monitoring of coal cargoes in such situations relies to a very high degree on taking accurate gas readings, using equipment of the type specified in the IMSBC Code capable of measuring the concentrations of methane, oxygen and carbon monoxide. Although under “normal conditions” the Code indicates that one set of measurements per day is sufficient, if problems occur then in the initial stages this frequency might be considerably increased, perhaps to every two or three hours in order to monitor the conditions developing in the holds and the effectiveness of any actions taken.
The atmospheres that are sampled under such conditions may contain high concentrations of carbon monoxide and flammable gases (including methane) and virtually no oxygen. Experience shows that some sensors in gas detectors repeatedly exposed to such extremes may eventually not provide accurate readings or may fail altogether, although modern sensors may be somewhat less prone to these effects. In addition, the readings obtained from different instruments at the same time are rarely identical and sometimes vary greatly. As an extreme example, in a recent case it was found that two different gas analysers, both within their calibration dates and both ostensibly working normally, on occasion gave readings from the same location that were an order of magnitude apart. Clearly this could have a major effect on decision making.
On the same topic, at the 94th session of the IMO’s Maritime Safety Committee in November 2014, a new SOLAS regulation was agreed (XI-1/7) requiring that on or after 01 July 2016 all vessels (of 500 g.r.t. and above) must carry portable detectors capable of measuring the concentrations of oxygen, flammable gases, hydrogen sulphide and carbon monoxide along with the additional requirement that “suitable means shall be provided for the calibration of all such instruments”. It is hoped that by carrying calibration equipment, ship’s crews will be able more easily to identify when an analyser is not working correctly and needs to be serviced or replaced. Of course in many parts of the world technical facilities for the repair or replacement of analysers may not be immediately available. In the case of coal carriers loading in remote locations, Owners and Managers may thus wish to consider having a second calibrated analyser kept separately on board for back-up purposes.
When it comes to selecting suitable analysers, the IMSBC Code notes that the catalytic sensors used to measure methane concentrations (usually on the “%lel” scale) may not provide accurate results in atmospheres with a low oxygen content; “low” in this context typically being less than about 10%. This disadvantage can be overcome by the use of instruments that incorporate infrared (“IR”) sensors, which do not require the simultaneous presence of oxygen. In addition, modern analysers which can measure carbon monoxide concentrations of 2000ppm or more offer distinct advantages when monitoring incidents of self-heating.
Source: The Swedish Club
About The Swedish Club
The Swedish Club is a leading marine mutual insurer, headquartered in Gothenburg, Sweden, and with offices in some of the world's strategic shipping centres. The Swedish Club is a true mutual organisation with focus on marine safety and loss prevention.
Established in 1872, it is owned and self-managed and under the direct control of its members. All strategic decisions are taken by a Board of Directors drawn from the members.
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Monday, 30 May 16
BCI ENDING AT 830 POINTS, DOWN 4.6 PER CENT W/W
COALspot.com: The Baltic Exchange, tracking rates for ships carrying dry bulk commodities decline this week. The freight market was weak this past ...
Friday, 27 May 16
PET-COKE IMPORTS TO FACE PRESSURE IN INDIA
COALspot.com: An Indian environmental activist moved the National Green Tribunal seeking ban on the use of all forms of petroleum coke, also called ...
Friday, 27 May 16
US COAL PRODUCTION ROSE 2.9% WOW, ACCORDING TO EIA
COALspot.com – U.S the world’s second largest coal producer has produced approximately totaled an estimated 11.7 million short tons (mm ...
Thursday, 26 May 16
GIANT ORE CARRIERS SET TO PLAY A BIGGER ROLE IN THE GLOBAL SHIPPING FLEET: CHINA EMBRACES VALEMAXES - RICHARD SCOTT
Another phase of the giant ships era is approaching. Chinese shipowners placed orders recently for 30 huge ‘valemax’ ore carriers. Thes ...
Wednesday, 25 May 16
MEDIATION AS A WAY TO RESOLVE DISPUTES IN THE SHIPPING INDUSTRY - LANA JACOBS
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
The shipping market is currently experiencing a serious recession with the Baltic Dry Index and Baltic Capesize Index bot ...
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Showing 2416 to 2420 news of total 6871 |
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- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- MS Steel International - UAE
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- White Energy Company Limited
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- PTC India Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Economic Council, Georgia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Planning Commission, India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
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