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Friday, 13 May 16
COAL CARGOES - SOME RECENT DEVELOPMENTS: SWEDISH CLUB
 KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Indonesia continues to be amongst the world’s major exporters of coal, some 426Mt being traded in 2013 mostly to India and China. The potential problems associated with coals from Indonesia are now well known to the shipping community and typically stem from a propensity of the material to self-heat, leading potentially to “spontaneous combustion”. Incidents continue to occur with barges of coal being presented for loading with stows that are evolving steam or even on fire.
Experience has enabled advice to be provided on how to manage such situations both by attending loading and discharge, or by advising remotely. More recently, however, incidents have occurred where gas readings have shown that coal already loaded exhibits not only self-heating characteristics but also significant methane emission. It may be the case that such cargoes are commercially selected blends of different mined products because coals with these two different properties are typically geologically distinct. The IMO International Maritime Solid Bulk Code entry for coal provides clear guidance as to how to deal with coals with either one property but the guidance is less clear if both are apparent. Moreover, the basic strategy for dealing with self-heating is to starve the coal of oxygen (i.e. air) by sealing the hatch covers and other openings, whereas for methane emission the strategy is to provide ventilation – the exact opposite. Such incidents, therefore, call for very careful management and the need for expert advice.
On board monitoring of coal cargoes in such situations relies to a very high degree on taking accurate gas readings, using equipment of the type specified in the IMSBC Code capable of measuring the concentrations of methane, oxygen and carbon monoxide. Although under “normal conditions” the Code indicates that one set of measurements per day is sufficient, if problems occur then in the initial stages this frequency might be considerably increased, perhaps to every two or three hours in order to monitor the conditions developing in the holds and the effectiveness of any actions taken.
The atmospheres that are sampled under such conditions may contain high concentrations of carbon monoxide and flammable gases (including methane) and virtually no oxygen. Experience shows that some sensors in gas detectors repeatedly exposed to such extremes may eventually not provide accurate readings or may fail altogether, although modern sensors may be somewhat less prone to these effects. In addition, the readings obtained from different instruments at the same time are rarely identical and sometimes vary greatly. As an extreme example, in a recent case it was found that two different gas analysers, both within their calibration dates and both ostensibly working normally, on occasion gave readings from the same location that were an order of magnitude apart. Clearly this could have a major effect on decision making.
On the same topic, at the 94th session of the IMO’s Maritime Safety Committee in November 2014, a new SOLAS regulation was agreed (XI-1/7) requiring that on or after 01 July 2016 all vessels (of 500 g.r.t. and above) must carry portable detectors capable of measuring the concentrations of oxygen, flammable gases, hydrogen sulphide and carbon monoxide along with the additional requirement that “suitable means shall be provided for the calibration of all such instruments”. It is hoped that by carrying calibration equipment, ship’s crews will be able more easily to identify when an analyser is not working correctly and needs to be serviced or replaced. Of course in many parts of the world technical facilities for the repair or replacement of analysers may not be immediately available. In the case of coal carriers loading in remote locations, Owners and Managers may thus wish to consider having a second calibrated analyser kept separately on board for back-up purposes.
When it comes to selecting suitable analysers, the IMSBC Code notes that the catalytic sensors used to measure methane concentrations (usually on the “%lel” scale) may not provide accurate results in atmospheres with a low oxygen content; “low” in this context typically being less than about 10%. This disadvantage can be overcome by the use of instruments that incorporate infrared (“IR”) sensors, which do not require the simultaneous presence of oxygen. In addition, modern analysers which can measure carbon monoxide concentrations of 2000ppm or more offer distinct advantages when monitoring incidents of self-heating.
Source: The Swedish Club
About The Swedish Club
The Swedish Club is a leading marine mutual insurer, headquartered in Gothenburg, Sweden, and with offices in some of the world's strategic shipping centres. The Swedish Club is a true mutual organisation with focus on marine safety and loss prevention.
Established in 1872, it is owned and self-managed and under the direct control of its members. All strategic decisions are taken by a Board of Directors drawn from the members.
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Wednesday, 01 June 16
INDIA'S COAL IMPORTS IN APRIL 2016 DECLINED 15% Y/Y; COAL INDIA INCREASED COAL PRICES BY 6.2%
Coal India has approved raising weighted average coal prices by 6.2 per cent over the current price for both regulated and non-regulated sectors.
...
Wednesday, 01 June 16
ZERO SUPPLY TO FUEL GROWTH IN THE DRY BULK MARKET SAYS BIMCO PRESIDENT
The dry bulk market could become profitable again in 2019 – but only if a series of extremely tough and sustained measures are taken by shipo ...
Wednesday, 01 June 16
MARKET INSIGHT - LINOS KOGEVINAS
In another page from this year’s oil drama, oil has, after a series of gains, rebounded to ~$50 / barrel and immediately stopped climbing. &n ...
Tuesday, 31 May 16
CS50 INDONESIA COAL INDEX UP 0.28% COMPARED WITH A WEEK AGO
COALspot.com: Average 5000 GAR coal index of Indonesian origin was up 0.28 percent week over week to averaging $39.01 per ton this past week, shows ...
Monday, 30 May 16
BORYEONG POWER PLANT TO IMPORT HALF A MILLION TONS OF BITUMINOUS COAL
COALspot.com: South Korea’s state-owned utility Korea Midland Power (KOMIPO) issued a new tender for 500,000 Metric Tons of Bituminous Coal T ...
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Showing 2411 to 2415 news of total 6871 |
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- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- PTC India Limited - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- The University of Queensland
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Planning Commission, India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- MS Steel International - UAE
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