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Friday, 13 May 16
COAL CARGOES - SOME RECENT DEVELOPMENTS: SWEDISH CLUB
 KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Indonesia continues to be amongst the world’s major exporters of coal, some 426Mt being traded in 2013 mostly to India and China. The potential problems associated with coals from Indonesia are now well known to the shipping community and typically stem from a propensity of the material to self-heat, leading potentially to “spontaneous combustion”. Incidents continue to occur with barges of coal being presented for loading with stows that are evolving steam or even on fire.
Experience has enabled advice to be provided on how to manage such situations both by attending loading and discharge, or by advising remotely. More recently, however, incidents have occurred where gas readings have shown that coal already loaded exhibits not only self-heating characteristics but also significant methane emission. It may be the case that such cargoes are commercially selected blends of different mined products because coals with these two different properties are typically geologically distinct. The IMO International Maritime Solid Bulk Code entry for coal provides clear guidance as to how to deal with coals with either one property but the guidance is less clear if both are apparent. Moreover, the basic strategy for dealing with self-heating is to starve the coal of oxygen (i.e. air) by sealing the hatch covers and other openings, whereas for methane emission the strategy is to provide ventilation – the exact opposite. Such incidents, therefore, call for very careful management and the need for expert advice.
On board monitoring of coal cargoes in such situations relies to a very high degree on taking accurate gas readings, using equipment of the type specified in the IMSBC Code capable of measuring the concentrations of methane, oxygen and carbon monoxide. Although under “normal conditions” the Code indicates that one set of measurements per day is sufficient, if problems occur then in the initial stages this frequency might be considerably increased, perhaps to every two or three hours in order to monitor the conditions developing in the holds and the effectiveness of any actions taken.
The atmospheres that are sampled under such conditions may contain high concentrations of carbon monoxide and flammable gases (including methane) and virtually no oxygen. Experience shows that some sensors in gas detectors repeatedly exposed to such extremes may eventually not provide accurate readings or may fail altogether, although modern sensors may be somewhat less prone to these effects. In addition, the readings obtained from different instruments at the same time are rarely identical and sometimes vary greatly. As an extreme example, in a recent case it was found that two different gas analysers, both within their calibration dates and both ostensibly working normally, on occasion gave readings from the same location that were an order of magnitude apart. Clearly this could have a major effect on decision making.
On the same topic, at the 94th session of the IMO’s Maritime Safety Committee in November 2014, a new SOLAS regulation was agreed (XI-1/7) requiring that on or after 01 July 2016 all vessels (of 500 g.r.t. and above) must carry portable detectors capable of measuring the concentrations of oxygen, flammable gases, hydrogen sulphide and carbon monoxide along with the additional requirement that “suitable means shall be provided for the calibration of all such instruments”. It is hoped that by carrying calibration equipment, ship’s crews will be able more easily to identify when an analyser is not working correctly and needs to be serviced or replaced. Of course in many parts of the world technical facilities for the repair or replacement of analysers may not be immediately available. In the case of coal carriers loading in remote locations, Owners and Managers may thus wish to consider having a second calibrated analyser kept separately on board for back-up purposes.
When it comes to selecting suitable analysers, the IMSBC Code notes that the catalytic sensors used to measure methane concentrations (usually on the “%lel” scale) may not provide accurate results in atmospheres with a low oxygen content; “low” in this context typically being less than about 10%. This disadvantage can be overcome by the use of instruments that incorporate infrared (“IR”) sensors, which do not require the simultaneous presence of oxygen. In addition, modern analysers which can measure carbon monoxide concentrations of 2000ppm or more offer distinct advantages when monitoring incidents of self-heating.
Source: The Swedish Club
About The Swedish Club
The Swedish Club is a leading marine mutual insurer, headquartered in Gothenburg, Sweden, and with offices in some of the world's strategic shipping centres. The Swedish Club is a true mutual organisation with focus on marine safety and loss prevention.
Established in 1872, it is owned and self-managed and under the direct control of its members. All strategic decisions are taken by a Board of Directors drawn from the members.
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Wednesday, 01 June 16
INDIA'S COAL IMPORTS IN APRIL 2016 DECLINED 15% Y/Y; COAL INDIA INCREASED COAL PRICES BY 6.2%
Coal India has approved raising weighted average coal prices by 6.2 per cent over the current price for both regulated and non-regulated sectors.
...
Wednesday, 01 June 16
ZERO SUPPLY TO FUEL GROWTH IN THE DRY BULK MARKET SAYS BIMCO PRESIDENT
The dry bulk market could become profitable again in 2019 – but only if a series of extremely tough and sustained measures are taken by shipo ...
Wednesday, 01 June 16
MARKET INSIGHT - LINOS KOGEVINAS
In another page from this year’s oil drama, oil has, after a series of gains, rebounded to ~$50 / barrel and immediately stopped climbing. &n ...
Tuesday, 31 May 16
CS50 INDONESIA COAL INDEX UP 0.28% COMPARED WITH A WEEK AGO
COALspot.com: Average 5000 GAR coal index of Indonesian origin was up 0.28 percent week over week to averaging $39.01 per ton this past week, shows ...
Monday, 30 May 16
BORYEONG POWER PLANT TO IMPORT HALF A MILLION TONS OF BITUMINOUS COAL
COALspot.com: South Korea’s state-owned utility Korea Midland Power (KOMIPO) issued a new tender for 500,000 Metric Tons of Bituminous Coal T ...
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Showing 2411 to 2415 news of total 6871 |
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- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- White Energy Company Limited
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- The University of Queensland
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Planning Commission, India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Australian Coal Association
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
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