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Friday, 13 May 16
COAL CARGOES - SOME RECENT DEVELOPMENTS: SWEDISH CLUB
 KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Indonesia continues to be amongst the world’s major exporters of coal, some 426Mt being traded in 2013 mostly to India and China. The potential problems associated with coals from Indonesia are now well known to the shipping community and typically stem from a propensity of the material to self-heat, leading potentially to “spontaneous combustion”. Incidents continue to occur with barges of coal being presented for loading with stows that are evolving steam or even on fire.
Experience has enabled advice to be provided on how to manage such situations both by attending loading and discharge, or by advising remotely. More recently, however, incidents have occurred where gas readings have shown that coal already loaded exhibits not only self-heating characteristics but also significant methane emission. It may be the case that such cargoes are commercially selected blends of different mined products because coals with these two different properties are typically geologically distinct. The IMO International Maritime Solid Bulk Code entry for coal provides clear guidance as to how to deal with coals with either one property but the guidance is less clear if both are apparent. Moreover, the basic strategy for dealing with self-heating is to starve the coal of oxygen (i.e. air) by sealing the hatch covers and other openings, whereas for methane emission the strategy is to provide ventilation – the exact opposite. Such incidents, therefore, call for very careful management and the need for expert advice.
On board monitoring of coal cargoes in such situations relies to a very high degree on taking accurate gas readings, using equipment of the type specified in the IMSBC Code capable of measuring the concentrations of methane, oxygen and carbon monoxide. Although under “normal conditions” the Code indicates that one set of measurements per day is sufficient, if problems occur then in the initial stages this frequency might be considerably increased, perhaps to every two or three hours in order to monitor the conditions developing in the holds and the effectiveness of any actions taken.
The atmospheres that are sampled under such conditions may contain high concentrations of carbon monoxide and flammable gases (including methane) and virtually no oxygen. Experience shows that some sensors in gas detectors repeatedly exposed to such extremes may eventually not provide accurate readings or may fail altogether, although modern sensors may be somewhat less prone to these effects. In addition, the readings obtained from different instruments at the same time are rarely identical and sometimes vary greatly. As an extreme example, in a recent case it was found that two different gas analysers, both within their calibration dates and both ostensibly working normally, on occasion gave readings from the same location that were an order of magnitude apart. Clearly this could have a major effect on decision making.
On the same topic, at the 94th session of the IMO’s Maritime Safety Committee in November 2014, a new SOLAS regulation was agreed (XI-1/7) requiring that on or after 01 July 2016 all vessels (of 500 g.r.t. and above) must carry portable detectors capable of measuring the concentrations of oxygen, flammable gases, hydrogen sulphide and carbon monoxide along with the additional requirement that “suitable means shall be provided for the calibration of all such instruments”. It is hoped that by carrying calibration equipment, ship’s crews will be able more easily to identify when an analyser is not working correctly and needs to be serviced or replaced. Of course in many parts of the world technical facilities for the repair or replacement of analysers may not be immediately available. In the case of coal carriers loading in remote locations, Owners and Managers may thus wish to consider having a second calibrated analyser kept separately on board for back-up purposes.
When it comes to selecting suitable analysers, the IMSBC Code notes that the catalytic sensors used to measure methane concentrations (usually on the “%lel” scale) may not provide accurate results in atmospheres with a low oxygen content; “low” in this context typically being less than about 10%. This disadvantage can be overcome by the use of instruments that incorporate infrared (“IR”) sensors, which do not require the simultaneous presence of oxygen. In addition, modern analysers which can measure carbon monoxide concentrations of 2000ppm or more offer distinct advantages when monitoring incidents of self-heating.
Source: The Swedish Club
About The Swedish Club
The Swedish Club is a leading marine mutual insurer, headquartered in Gothenburg, Sweden, and with offices in some of the world's strategic shipping centres. The Swedish Club is a true mutual organisation with focus on marine safety and loss prevention.
Established in 1872, it is owned and self-managed and under the direct control of its members. All strategic decisions are taken by a Board of Directors drawn from the members.
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Wednesday, 08 June 16
THE DRY BULK MARKET KEPT MOVING SIDEWAYS LAST WEEK; SECOND HAND PURCHASES MOVING NORTH - INTERMODAL
Once again its Posidonia time and the biannual exhibition takes place during a very warm June here in Athens, as if the performance of the dry bulk ...
Tuesday, 07 June 16
CS COAL INDEX ROSE FOR SECOND STRAIGHT WEEK
COALspot.com: Average 5000 GAR coal index of Indonesian origin was up 0.38 percent week over week to averaging $39.16 per ton this past week, shows ...
Monday, 06 June 16
BDI GAINED ON A STRONGER DEMAND FOR CAPESIZE SHIPS
COALspot.com: The Baltic Exchange, tracking rates for ships carrying dry bulk commodities rose this past week on a stronger demand for Capesize ves ...
Friday, 03 June 16
DRY BULK VESSEL DELIVERIES COULD BE LESS THAN 50 MILLION DWT IN 2016, AS OWNERS DELAY OR CANCEL NEWBUILDING ORDERS
The dry bulk market has been caught between a rock and a hard place over the course of the past couple of years, as on one hand demand has plunged, ...
Friday, 03 June 16
U.S WEEKLY COAL PRODUCTION SLIDES 1.3% - EIA
COALspot.com – U.S the world’s second largest coal producer has produced approximately totaled an estimated 11.5 million short tons (mm ...
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- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- White Energy Company Limited
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- The University of Queensland
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Minerals Council of Australia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
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