We welcome article submissions from experts in the areas of coal, mining,
shipping, etc.
To Submit your article please click here.
|
|
|
Friday, 13 May 16
COAL CARGOES - SOME RECENT DEVELOPMENTS: SWEDISH CLUB
 KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Indonesia continues to be amongst the world’s major exporters of coal, some 426Mt being traded in 2013 mostly to India and China. The potential problems associated with coals from Indonesia are now well known to the shipping community and typically stem from a propensity of the material to self-heat, leading potentially to “spontaneous combustion”. Incidents continue to occur with barges of coal being presented for loading with stows that are evolving steam or even on fire.
Experience has enabled advice to be provided on how to manage such situations both by attending loading and discharge, or by advising remotely. More recently, however, incidents have occurred where gas readings have shown that coal already loaded exhibits not only self-heating characteristics but also significant methane emission. It may be the case that such cargoes are commercially selected blends of different mined products because coals with these two different properties are typically geologically distinct. The IMO International Maritime Solid Bulk Code entry for coal provides clear guidance as to how to deal with coals with either one property but the guidance is less clear if both are apparent. Moreover, the basic strategy for dealing with self-heating is to starve the coal of oxygen (i.e. air) by sealing the hatch covers and other openings, whereas for methane emission the strategy is to provide ventilation – the exact opposite. Such incidents, therefore, call for very careful management and the need for expert advice.
On board monitoring of coal cargoes in such situations relies to a very high degree on taking accurate gas readings, using equipment of the type specified in the IMSBC Code capable of measuring the concentrations of methane, oxygen and carbon monoxide. Although under “normal conditions” the Code indicates that one set of measurements per day is sufficient, if problems occur then in the initial stages this frequency might be considerably increased, perhaps to every two or three hours in order to monitor the conditions developing in the holds and the effectiveness of any actions taken.
The atmospheres that are sampled under such conditions may contain high concentrations of carbon monoxide and flammable gases (including methane) and virtually no oxygen. Experience shows that some sensors in gas detectors repeatedly exposed to such extremes may eventually not provide accurate readings or may fail altogether, although modern sensors may be somewhat less prone to these effects. In addition, the readings obtained from different instruments at the same time are rarely identical and sometimes vary greatly. As an extreme example, in a recent case it was found that two different gas analysers, both within their calibration dates and both ostensibly working normally, on occasion gave readings from the same location that were an order of magnitude apart. Clearly this could have a major effect on decision making.
On the same topic, at the 94th session of the IMO’s Maritime Safety Committee in November 2014, a new SOLAS regulation was agreed (XI-1/7) requiring that on or after 01 July 2016 all vessels (of 500 g.r.t. and above) must carry portable detectors capable of measuring the concentrations of oxygen, flammable gases, hydrogen sulphide and carbon monoxide along with the additional requirement that “suitable means shall be provided for the calibration of all such instruments”. It is hoped that by carrying calibration equipment, ship’s crews will be able more easily to identify when an analyser is not working correctly and needs to be serviced or replaced. Of course in many parts of the world technical facilities for the repair or replacement of analysers may not be immediately available. In the case of coal carriers loading in remote locations, Owners and Managers may thus wish to consider having a second calibrated analyser kept separately on board for back-up purposes.
When it comes to selecting suitable analysers, the IMSBC Code notes that the catalytic sensors used to measure methane concentrations (usually on the “%lel” scale) may not provide accurate results in atmospheres with a low oxygen content; “low” in this context typically being less than about 10%. This disadvantage can be overcome by the use of instruments that incorporate infrared (“IR”) sensors, which do not require the simultaneous presence of oxygen. In addition, modern analysers which can measure carbon monoxide concentrations of 2000ppm or more offer distinct advantages when monitoring incidents of self-heating.
Source: The Swedish Club
About The Swedish Club
The Swedish Club is a leading marine mutual insurer, headquartered in Gothenburg, Sweden, and with offices in some of the world's strategic shipping centres. The Swedish Club is a true mutual organisation with focus on marine safety and loss prevention.
Established in 1872, it is owned and self-managed and under the direct control of its members. All strategic decisions are taken by a Board of Directors drawn from the members.
If you believe an article violates your rights or the rights of others, please contact us.
|
|
Monday, 13 June 16
BALTIC INDEX FLAT, INDEX FOR CAPE RISE
COALspot.com: The Baltic Exchange, tracking rates for ships carrying dry bulk commodities flat this past week. The freight market was almost same l ...
Friday, 10 June 16
INDONESIAN 6322 GAR COAL PRICE REFERENCE RISES TO $51.81 A TON
COALspot.com: The Indonesia Coal Benchmark Price increased in June 2016.
The Director General of Mineral and Coal of Indonesia, the regulator ...
Friday, 10 June 16
WEEKLY U.S. COAL PRODUCTION TOTALED AN ESTIMATED 12 MMST IN THE WEEK ENDED JUNE 4, UP 4% W/W - EIA
COALspot.com – U.S the world’s second largest coal producer has produced approximately totaled an estimated 12 million short tons (mmst ...
Wednesday, 08 June 16
BPI ACHIEVES FINANCIAL CLOSE FOR ITS 2000 MW POWER PROJECT IN CENTRAL JAVA
COALspot.com: PT Bhimasena Power Indonesia (BPI) on June 6th, 2016 Achieves financial close for its 2x1,000 MW power project in Batang Regency, Cen ...
Wednesday, 08 June 16
U.S COAL IMPORTS ARE PROJECTED TO BE 12 MMST IN 2016 AND 11 MMST IN 2017 - EIA
Coal Supply
U.S. coal production in May was 50 million short tons (MMst), a 4 MMst (10%) increase from the previous month but 19 MMst (28%) lower ...
|
|
|
Showing 2401 to 2405 news of total 6871 |
|
 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
 |
|
|
| |
|
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- White Energy Company Limited
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Planning Commission, India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- MS Steel International - UAE
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
|
| |
| |
|
