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Friday, 13 May 16
COAL CARGOES - SOME RECENT DEVELOPMENTS: SWEDISH CLUB
 KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Indonesia continues to be amongst the world’s major exporters of coal, some 426Mt being traded in 2013 mostly to India and China. The potential problems associated with coals from Indonesia are now well known to the shipping community and typically stem from a propensity of the material to self-heat, leading potentially to “spontaneous combustion”. Incidents continue to occur with barges of coal being presented for loading with stows that are evolving steam or even on fire.
Experience has enabled advice to be provided on how to manage such situations both by attending loading and discharge, or by advising remotely. More recently, however, incidents have occurred where gas readings have shown that coal already loaded exhibits not only self-heating characteristics but also significant methane emission. It may be the case that such cargoes are commercially selected blends of different mined products because coals with these two different properties are typically geologically distinct. The IMO International Maritime Solid Bulk Code entry for coal provides clear guidance as to how to deal with coals with either one property but the guidance is less clear if both are apparent. Moreover, the basic strategy for dealing with self-heating is to starve the coal of oxygen (i.e. air) by sealing the hatch covers and other openings, whereas for methane emission the strategy is to provide ventilation – the exact opposite. Such incidents, therefore, call for very careful management and the need for expert advice.
On board monitoring of coal cargoes in such situations relies to a very high degree on taking accurate gas readings, using equipment of the type specified in the IMSBC Code capable of measuring the concentrations of methane, oxygen and carbon monoxide. Although under “normal conditions” the Code indicates that one set of measurements per day is sufficient, if problems occur then in the initial stages this frequency might be considerably increased, perhaps to every two or three hours in order to monitor the conditions developing in the holds and the effectiveness of any actions taken.
The atmospheres that are sampled under such conditions may contain high concentrations of carbon monoxide and flammable gases (including methane) and virtually no oxygen. Experience shows that some sensors in gas detectors repeatedly exposed to such extremes may eventually not provide accurate readings or may fail altogether, although modern sensors may be somewhat less prone to these effects. In addition, the readings obtained from different instruments at the same time are rarely identical and sometimes vary greatly. As an extreme example, in a recent case it was found that two different gas analysers, both within their calibration dates and both ostensibly working normally, on occasion gave readings from the same location that were an order of magnitude apart. Clearly this could have a major effect on decision making.
On the same topic, at the 94th session of the IMO’s Maritime Safety Committee in November 2014, a new SOLAS regulation was agreed (XI-1/7) requiring that on or after 01 July 2016 all vessels (of 500 g.r.t. and above) must carry portable detectors capable of measuring the concentrations of oxygen, flammable gases, hydrogen sulphide and carbon monoxide along with the additional requirement that “suitable means shall be provided for the calibration of all such instruments”. It is hoped that by carrying calibration equipment, ship’s crews will be able more easily to identify when an analyser is not working correctly and needs to be serviced or replaced. Of course in many parts of the world technical facilities for the repair or replacement of analysers may not be immediately available. In the case of coal carriers loading in remote locations, Owners and Managers may thus wish to consider having a second calibrated analyser kept separately on board for back-up purposes.
When it comes to selecting suitable analysers, the IMSBC Code notes that the catalytic sensors used to measure methane concentrations (usually on the “%lel” scale) may not provide accurate results in atmospheres with a low oxygen content; “low” in this context typically being less than about 10%. This disadvantage can be overcome by the use of instruments that incorporate infrared (“IR”) sensors, which do not require the simultaneous presence of oxygen. In addition, modern analysers which can measure carbon monoxide concentrations of 2000ppm or more offer distinct advantages when monitoring incidents of self-heating.
Source: The Swedish Club
About The Swedish Club
The Swedish Club is a leading marine mutual insurer, headquartered in Gothenburg, Sweden, and with offices in some of the world's strategic shipping centres. The Swedish Club is a true mutual organisation with focus on marine safety and loss prevention.
Established in 1872, it is owned and self-managed and under the direct control of its members. All strategic decisions are taken by a Board of Directors drawn from the members.
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Monday, 13 June 16
BALTIC INDEX FLAT, INDEX FOR CAPE RISE
COALspot.com: The Baltic Exchange, tracking rates for ships carrying dry bulk commodities flat this past week. The freight market was almost same l ...
Friday, 10 June 16
INDONESIAN 6322 GAR COAL PRICE REFERENCE RISES TO $51.81 A TON
COALspot.com: The Indonesia Coal Benchmark Price increased in June 2016.
The Director General of Mineral and Coal of Indonesia, the regulator ...
Friday, 10 June 16
WEEKLY U.S. COAL PRODUCTION TOTALED AN ESTIMATED 12 MMST IN THE WEEK ENDED JUNE 4, UP 4% W/W - EIA
COALspot.com – U.S the world’s second largest coal producer has produced approximately totaled an estimated 12 million short tons (mmst ...
Wednesday, 08 June 16
BPI ACHIEVES FINANCIAL CLOSE FOR ITS 2000 MW POWER PROJECT IN CENTRAL JAVA
COALspot.com: PT Bhimasena Power Indonesia (BPI) on June 6th, 2016 Achieves financial close for its 2x1,000 MW power project in Batang Regency, Cen ...
Wednesday, 08 June 16
U.S COAL IMPORTS ARE PROJECTED TO BE 12 MMST IN 2016 AND 11 MMST IN 2017 - EIA
Coal Supply
U.S. coal production in May was 50 million short tons (MMst), a 4 MMst (10%) increase from the previous month but 19 MMst (28%) lower ...
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- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Planning Commission, India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Australian Coal Association
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Parliament of New Zealand
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
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