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Friday, 13 May 16
COAL CARGOES - SOME RECENT DEVELOPMENTS: SWEDISH CLUB
 KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Indonesia continues to be amongst the world’s major exporters of coal, some 426Mt being traded in 2013 mostly to India and China. The potential problems associated with coals from Indonesia are now well known to the shipping community and typically stem from a propensity of the material to self-heat, leading potentially to “spontaneous combustion”. Incidents continue to occur with barges of coal being presented for loading with stows that are evolving steam or even on fire.
Experience has enabled advice to be provided on how to manage such situations both by attending loading and discharge, or by advising remotely. More recently, however, incidents have occurred where gas readings have shown that coal already loaded exhibits not only self-heating characteristics but also significant methane emission. It may be the case that such cargoes are commercially selected blends of different mined products because coals with these two different properties are typically geologically distinct. The IMO International Maritime Solid Bulk Code entry for coal provides clear guidance as to how to deal with coals with either one property but the guidance is less clear if both are apparent. Moreover, the basic strategy for dealing with self-heating is to starve the coal of oxygen (i.e. air) by sealing the hatch covers and other openings, whereas for methane emission the strategy is to provide ventilation – the exact opposite. Such incidents, therefore, call for very careful management and the need for expert advice.
On board monitoring of coal cargoes in such situations relies to a very high degree on taking accurate gas readings, using equipment of the type specified in the IMSBC Code capable of measuring the concentrations of methane, oxygen and carbon monoxide. Although under “normal conditions” the Code indicates that one set of measurements per day is sufficient, if problems occur then in the initial stages this frequency might be considerably increased, perhaps to every two or three hours in order to monitor the conditions developing in the holds and the effectiveness of any actions taken.
The atmospheres that are sampled under such conditions may contain high concentrations of carbon monoxide and flammable gases (including methane) and virtually no oxygen. Experience shows that some sensors in gas detectors repeatedly exposed to such extremes may eventually not provide accurate readings or may fail altogether, although modern sensors may be somewhat less prone to these effects. In addition, the readings obtained from different instruments at the same time are rarely identical and sometimes vary greatly. As an extreme example, in a recent case it was found that two different gas analysers, both within their calibration dates and both ostensibly working normally, on occasion gave readings from the same location that were an order of magnitude apart. Clearly this could have a major effect on decision making.
On the same topic, at the 94th session of the IMO’s Maritime Safety Committee in November 2014, a new SOLAS regulation was agreed (XI-1/7) requiring that on or after 01 July 2016 all vessels (of 500 g.r.t. and above) must carry portable detectors capable of measuring the concentrations of oxygen, flammable gases, hydrogen sulphide and carbon monoxide along with the additional requirement that “suitable means shall be provided for the calibration of all such instruments”. It is hoped that by carrying calibration equipment, ship’s crews will be able more easily to identify when an analyser is not working correctly and needs to be serviced or replaced. Of course in many parts of the world technical facilities for the repair or replacement of analysers may not be immediately available. In the case of coal carriers loading in remote locations, Owners and Managers may thus wish to consider having a second calibrated analyser kept separately on board for back-up purposes.
When it comes to selecting suitable analysers, the IMSBC Code notes that the catalytic sensors used to measure methane concentrations (usually on the “%lel” scale) may not provide accurate results in atmospheres with a low oxygen content; “low” in this context typically being less than about 10%. This disadvantage can be overcome by the use of instruments that incorporate infrared (“IR”) sensors, which do not require the simultaneous presence of oxygen. In addition, modern analysers which can measure carbon monoxide concentrations of 2000ppm or more offer distinct advantages when monitoring incidents of self-heating.
Source: The Swedish Club
About The Swedish Club
The Swedish Club is a leading marine mutual insurer, headquartered in Gothenburg, Sweden, and with offices in some of the world's strategic shipping centres. The Swedish Club is a true mutual organisation with focus on marine safety and loss prevention.
Established in 1872, it is owned and self-managed and under the direct control of its members. All strategic decisions are taken by a Board of Directors drawn from the members.
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Wednesday, 15 June 16
THE DRY BULK PRICES CORRECTED UPWARDS ROUGHLY 15% - KONSTANTINOS KONTOMICHIS
Once more, the international shipping community turned its attention to Greece and more specifically to Attica that hosted Posidonia, the biggest m ...
Tuesday, 14 June 16
CS COAL INDICES ROSE UP FOR A THIRD STRAIGHT WEEK; 4200 GAR COAL UP 0.73%
COALspot.com: Average 5000 GAR coal index of Indonesian origin was up 0.54 percent week over week to averaging $39.37 per ton this past week, shows ...
Monday, 13 June 16
DEMAND FOR DRY BULK COMMODITIES COULD PROVIDE FUTURE BOOST FOR SHIP OWNERS - HELLENIC SHIPPING NEWS
When it comes to the dry bulk market, shipowners these days are looking for news in any shape or form they can find them. However, as the discussio ...
Monday, 13 June 16
ONSHORE SHALE: WORTH KEEPING IN THE SHIPPING SPOTLIGHT CLARKSONS
Generally, shipping industry watchers spend much of their time monitoring events out to sea: how fleets are evolving, trade volumes growing and fre ...
Monday, 13 June 16
PORT OF NEWCASTLE SHIPPED 5.03% MORE COAL IN MAY; AVERAGE SELLING PRICE DECLINED 2.08% FROM APRIL
COALspot.com: The Port of Newcastle, Australia’s major trading ports and the world’s largest coal export port has shipped $AU 1.162bill ...
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- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Australian Coal Association
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Planning Commission, India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- The University of Queensland
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
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