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Friday, 13 May 16
COAL CARGOES - SOME RECENT DEVELOPMENTS: SWEDISH CLUB
 KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Indonesia continues to be amongst the world’s major exporters of coal, some 426Mt being traded in 2013 mostly to India and China. The potential problems associated with coals from Indonesia are now well known to the shipping community and typically stem from a propensity of the material to self-heat, leading potentially to “spontaneous combustion”. Incidents continue to occur with barges of coal being presented for loading with stows that are evolving steam or even on fire.
Experience has enabled advice to be provided on how to manage such situations both by attending loading and discharge, or by advising remotely. More recently, however, incidents have occurred where gas readings have shown that coal already loaded exhibits not only self-heating characteristics but also significant methane emission. It may be the case that such cargoes are commercially selected blends of different mined products because coals with these two different properties are typically geologically distinct. The IMO International Maritime Solid Bulk Code entry for coal provides clear guidance as to how to deal with coals with either one property but the guidance is less clear if both are apparent. Moreover, the basic strategy for dealing with self-heating is to starve the coal of oxygen (i.e. air) by sealing the hatch covers and other openings, whereas for methane emission the strategy is to provide ventilation – the exact opposite. Such incidents, therefore, call for very careful management and the need for expert advice.
On board monitoring of coal cargoes in such situations relies to a very high degree on taking accurate gas readings, using equipment of the type specified in the IMSBC Code capable of measuring the concentrations of methane, oxygen and carbon monoxide. Although under “normal conditions” the Code indicates that one set of measurements per day is sufficient, if problems occur then in the initial stages this frequency might be considerably increased, perhaps to every two or three hours in order to monitor the conditions developing in the holds and the effectiveness of any actions taken.
The atmospheres that are sampled under such conditions may contain high concentrations of carbon monoxide and flammable gases (including methane) and virtually no oxygen. Experience shows that some sensors in gas detectors repeatedly exposed to such extremes may eventually not provide accurate readings or may fail altogether, although modern sensors may be somewhat less prone to these effects. In addition, the readings obtained from different instruments at the same time are rarely identical and sometimes vary greatly. As an extreme example, in a recent case it was found that two different gas analysers, both within their calibration dates and both ostensibly working normally, on occasion gave readings from the same location that were an order of magnitude apart. Clearly this could have a major effect on decision making.
On the same topic, at the 94th session of the IMO’s Maritime Safety Committee in November 2014, a new SOLAS regulation was agreed (XI-1/7) requiring that on or after 01 July 2016 all vessels (of 500 g.r.t. and above) must carry portable detectors capable of measuring the concentrations of oxygen, flammable gases, hydrogen sulphide and carbon monoxide along with the additional requirement that “suitable means shall be provided for the calibration of all such instruments”. It is hoped that by carrying calibration equipment, ship’s crews will be able more easily to identify when an analyser is not working correctly and needs to be serviced or replaced. Of course in many parts of the world technical facilities for the repair or replacement of analysers may not be immediately available. In the case of coal carriers loading in remote locations, Owners and Managers may thus wish to consider having a second calibrated analyser kept separately on board for back-up purposes.
When it comes to selecting suitable analysers, the IMSBC Code notes that the catalytic sensors used to measure methane concentrations (usually on the “%lel” scale) may not provide accurate results in atmospheres with a low oxygen content; “low” in this context typically being less than about 10%. This disadvantage can be overcome by the use of instruments that incorporate infrared (“IR”) sensors, which do not require the simultaneous presence of oxygen. In addition, modern analysers which can measure carbon monoxide concentrations of 2000ppm or more offer distinct advantages when monitoring incidents of self-heating.
Source: The Swedish Club
About The Swedish Club
The Swedish Club is a leading marine mutual insurer, headquartered in Gothenburg, Sweden, and with offices in some of the world's strategic shipping centres. The Swedish Club is a true mutual organisation with focus on marine safety and loss prevention.
Established in 1872, it is owned and self-managed and under the direct control of its members. All strategic decisions are taken by a Board of Directors drawn from the members.
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Wednesday, 15 June 16
THE DRY BULK PRICES CORRECTED UPWARDS ROUGHLY 15% - KONSTANTINOS KONTOMICHIS
Once more, the international shipping community turned its attention to Greece and more specifically to Attica that hosted Posidonia, the biggest m ...
Tuesday, 14 June 16
CS COAL INDICES ROSE UP FOR A THIRD STRAIGHT WEEK; 4200 GAR COAL UP 0.73%
COALspot.com: Average 5000 GAR coal index of Indonesian origin was up 0.54 percent week over week to averaging $39.37 per ton this past week, shows ...
Monday, 13 June 16
DEMAND FOR DRY BULK COMMODITIES COULD PROVIDE FUTURE BOOST FOR SHIP OWNERS - HELLENIC SHIPPING NEWS
When it comes to the dry bulk market, shipowners these days are looking for news in any shape or form they can find them. However, as the discussio ...
Monday, 13 June 16
ONSHORE SHALE: WORTH KEEPING IN THE SHIPPING SPOTLIGHT CLARKSONS
Generally, shipping industry watchers spend much of their time monitoring events out to sea: how fleets are evolving, trade volumes growing and fre ...
Monday, 13 June 16
PORT OF NEWCASTLE SHIPPED 5.03% MORE COAL IN MAY; AVERAGE SELLING PRICE DECLINED 2.08% FROM APRIL
COALspot.com: The Port of Newcastle, Australia’s major trading ports and the world’s largest coal export port has shipped $AU 1.162bill ...
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- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Australian Coal Association
- PTC India Limited - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
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