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Friday, 13 May 16
COAL CARGOES - SOME RECENT DEVELOPMENTS: SWEDISH CLUB
 KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Indonesia continues to be amongst the world’s major exporters of coal, some 426Mt being traded in 2013 mostly to India and China. The potential problems associated with coals from Indonesia are now well known to the shipping community and typically stem from a propensity of the material to self-heat, leading potentially to “spontaneous combustion”. Incidents continue to occur with barges of coal being presented for loading with stows that are evolving steam or even on fire.
Experience has enabled advice to be provided on how to manage such situations both by attending loading and discharge, or by advising remotely. More recently, however, incidents have occurred where gas readings have shown that coal already loaded exhibits not only self-heating characteristics but also significant methane emission. It may be the case that such cargoes are commercially selected blends of different mined products because coals with these two different properties are typically geologically distinct. The IMO International Maritime Solid Bulk Code entry for coal provides clear guidance as to how to deal with coals with either one property but the guidance is less clear if both are apparent. Moreover, the basic strategy for dealing with self-heating is to starve the coal of oxygen (i.e. air) by sealing the hatch covers and other openings, whereas for methane emission the strategy is to provide ventilation – the exact opposite. Such incidents, therefore, call for very careful management and the need for expert advice.
On board monitoring of coal cargoes in such situations relies to a very high degree on taking accurate gas readings, using equipment of the type specified in the IMSBC Code capable of measuring the concentrations of methane, oxygen and carbon monoxide. Although under “normal conditions” the Code indicates that one set of measurements per day is sufficient, if problems occur then in the initial stages this frequency might be considerably increased, perhaps to every two or three hours in order to monitor the conditions developing in the holds and the effectiveness of any actions taken.
The atmospheres that are sampled under such conditions may contain high concentrations of carbon monoxide and flammable gases (including methane) and virtually no oxygen. Experience shows that some sensors in gas detectors repeatedly exposed to such extremes may eventually not provide accurate readings or may fail altogether, although modern sensors may be somewhat less prone to these effects. In addition, the readings obtained from different instruments at the same time are rarely identical and sometimes vary greatly. As an extreme example, in a recent case it was found that two different gas analysers, both within their calibration dates and both ostensibly working normally, on occasion gave readings from the same location that were an order of magnitude apart. Clearly this could have a major effect on decision making.
On the same topic, at the 94th session of the IMO’s Maritime Safety Committee in November 2014, a new SOLAS regulation was agreed (XI-1/7) requiring that on or after 01 July 2016 all vessels (of 500 g.r.t. and above) must carry portable detectors capable of measuring the concentrations of oxygen, flammable gases, hydrogen sulphide and carbon monoxide along with the additional requirement that “suitable means shall be provided for the calibration of all such instruments”. It is hoped that by carrying calibration equipment, ship’s crews will be able more easily to identify when an analyser is not working correctly and needs to be serviced or replaced. Of course in many parts of the world technical facilities for the repair or replacement of analysers may not be immediately available. In the case of coal carriers loading in remote locations, Owners and Managers may thus wish to consider having a second calibrated analyser kept separately on board for back-up purposes.
When it comes to selecting suitable analysers, the IMSBC Code notes that the catalytic sensors used to measure methane concentrations (usually on the “%lel” scale) may not provide accurate results in atmospheres with a low oxygen content; “low” in this context typically being less than about 10%. This disadvantage can be overcome by the use of instruments that incorporate infrared (“IR”) sensors, which do not require the simultaneous presence of oxygen. In addition, modern analysers which can measure carbon monoxide concentrations of 2000ppm or more offer distinct advantages when monitoring incidents of self-heating.
Source: The Swedish Club
About The Swedish Club
The Swedish Club is a leading marine mutual insurer, headquartered in Gothenburg, Sweden, and with offices in some of the world's strategic shipping centres. The Swedish Club is a true mutual organisation with focus on marine safety and loss prevention.
Established in 1872, it is owned and self-managed and under the direct control of its members. All strategic decisions are taken by a Board of Directors drawn from the members.
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Monday, 20 June 16
CS COAL INDICES CONTINUE UPWARD TREND SINCE END APRIL
COALspot.com: Average 5000 GAR coal index of Indonesian origin was up again by 0.05 percent week over week to averaging $39.39 per ton this past we ...
Monday, 20 June 16
THE BDI HAS FELL 23 POINTS WEEK OVER WEEK
COALspot.com: The Baltic Exchange, tracking rates for ships carrying dry bulk commodities declined this past week. The BDI was fell 3.77 percent fr ...
Friday, 17 June 16
CHINA'S NEW POLICY TO REDUCE WASTE IN RENEWABLE ENERGY - FITCH
Chinese renewable energy producers are likely to benefit from a new policy that guarantees a minimum amount of solar and wind power is purchased in ...
Friday, 17 June 16
KOMIPO INVITES BIDS FOR BITUMINOUS COAL FOR BORYEONG POWER PLANT
COALspot.com: South Korea state-owned utility Korea Midland Power (KOMIPO) issued a new tender for 780,000 Metric Tons of Bituminous Coal for its B ...
Friday, 17 June 16
U.S WEEKLY COAL PRODUCTION UP 7.7% - EIA
COALspot.com – U.S., the world’s one of the largest coal producer has produced approximately totalled an estimated 12.9 million short t ...
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- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- White Energy Company Limited
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Planning Commission, India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- PTC India Limited - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
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