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Friday, 13 May 16
COAL CARGOES - SOME RECENT DEVELOPMENTS: SWEDISH CLUB
 KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Indonesia continues to be amongst the world’s major exporters of coal, some 426Mt being traded in 2013 mostly to India and China. The potential problems associated with coals from Indonesia are now well known to the shipping community and typically stem from a propensity of the material to self-heat, leading potentially to “spontaneous combustion”. Incidents continue to occur with barges of coal being presented for loading with stows that are evolving steam or even on fire.
Experience has enabled advice to be provided on how to manage such situations both by attending loading and discharge, or by advising remotely. More recently, however, incidents have occurred where gas readings have shown that coal already loaded exhibits not only self-heating characteristics but also significant methane emission. It may be the case that such cargoes are commercially selected blends of different mined products because coals with these two different properties are typically geologically distinct. The IMO International Maritime Solid Bulk Code entry for coal provides clear guidance as to how to deal with coals with either one property but the guidance is less clear if both are apparent. Moreover, the basic strategy for dealing with self-heating is to starve the coal of oxygen (i.e. air) by sealing the hatch covers and other openings, whereas for methane emission the strategy is to provide ventilation – the exact opposite. Such incidents, therefore, call for very careful management and the need for expert advice.
On board monitoring of coal cargoes in such situations relies to a very high degree on taking accurate gas readings, using equipment of the type specified in the IMSBC Code capable of measuring the concentrations of methane, oxygen and carbon monoxide. Although under “normal conditions” the Code indicates that one set of measurements per day is sufficient, if problems occur then in the initial stages this frequency might be considerably increased, perhaps to every two or three hours in order to monitor the conditions developing in the holds and the effectiveness of any actions taken.
The atmospheres that are sampled under such conditions may contain high concentrations of carbon monoxide and flammable gases (including methane) and virtually no oxygen. Experience shows that some sensors in gas detectors repeatedly exposed to such extremes may eventually not provide accurate readings or may fail altogether, although modern sensors may be somewhat less prone to these effects. In addition, the readings obtained from different instruments at the same time are rarely identical and sometimes vary greatly. As an extreme example, in a recent case it was found that two different gas analysers, both within their calibration dates and both ostensibly working normally, on occasion gave readings from the same location that were an order of magnitude apart. Clearly this could have a major effect on decision making.
On the same topic, at the 94th session of the IMO’s Maritime Safety Committee in November 2014, a new SOLAS regulation was agreed (XI-1/7) requiring that on or after 01 July 2016 all vessels (of 500 g.r.t. and above) must carry portable detectors capable of measuring the concentrations of oxygen, flammable gases, hydrogen sulphide and carbon monoxide along with the additional requirement that “suitable means shall be provided for the calibration of all such instruments”. It is hoped that by carrying calibration equipment, ship’s crews will be able more easily to identify when an analyser is not working correctly and needs to be serviced or replaced. Of course in many parts of the world technical facilities for the repair or replacement of analysers may not be immediately available. In the case of coal carriers loading in remote locations, Owners and Managers may thus wish to consider having a second calibrated analyser kept separately on board for back-up purposes.
When it comes to selecting suitable analysers, the IMSBC Code notes that the catalytic sensors used to measure methane concentrations (usually on the “%lel” scale) may not provide accurate results in atmospheres with a low oxygen content; “low” in this context typically being less than about 10%. This disadvantage can be overcome by the use of instruments that incorporate infrared (“IR”) sensors, which do not require the simultaneous presence of oxygen. In addition, modern analysers which can measure carbon monoxide concentrations of 2000ppm or more offer distinct advantages when monitoring incidents of self-heating.
Source: The Swedish Club
About The Swedish Club
The Swedish Club is a leading marine mutual insurer, headquartered in Gothenburg, Sweden, and with offices in some of the world's strategic shipping centres. The Swedish Club is a true mutual organisation with focus on marine safety and loss prevention.
Established in 1872, it is owned and self-managed and under the direct control of its members. All strategic decisions are taken by a Board of Directors drawn from the members.
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Monday, 20 June 16
CS COAL INDICES CONTINUE UPWARD TREND SINCE END APRIL
COALspot.com: Average 5000 GAR coal index of Indonesian origin was up again by 0.05 percent week over week to averaging $39.39 per ton this past we ...
Monday, 20 June 16
THE BDI HAS FELL 23 POINTS WEEK OVER WEEK
COALspot.com: The Baltic Exchange, tracking rates for ships carrying dry bulk commodities declined this past week. The BDI was fell 3.77 percent fr ...
Friday, 17 June 16
CHINA'S NEW POLICY TO REDUCE WASTE IN RENEWABLE ENERGY - FITCH
Chinese renewable energy producers are likely to benefit from a new policy that guarantees a minimum amount of solar and wind power is purchased in ...
Friday, 17 June 16
KOMIPO INVITES BIDS FOR BITUMINOUS COAL FOR BORYEONG POWER PLANT
COALspot.com: South Korea state-owned utility Korea Midland Power (KOMIPO) issued a new tender for 780,000 Metric Tons of Bituminous Coal for its B ...
Friday, 17 June 16
U.S WEEKLY COAL PRODUCTION UP 7.7% - EIA
COALspot.com – U.S., the world’s one of the largest coal producer has produced approximately totalled an estimated 12.9 million short t ...
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- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- The University of Queensland
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Planning Commission, India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
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