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Friday, 13 May 16
COAL CARGOES - SOME RECENT DEVELOPMENTS: SWEDISH CLUB
 KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Indonesia continues to be amongst the world’s major exporters of coal, some 426Mt being traded in 2013 mostly to India and China. The potential problems associated with coals from Indonesia are now well known to the shipping community and typically stem from a propensity of the material to self-heat, leading potentially to “spontaneous combustion”. Incidents continue to occur with barges of coal being presented for loading with stows that are evolving steam or even on fire.
Experience has enabled advice to be provided on how to manage such situations both by attending loading and discharge, or by advising remotely. More recently, however, incidents have occurred where gas readings have shown that coal already loaded exhibits not only self-heating characteristics but also significant methane emission. It may be the case that such cargoes are commercially selected blends of different mined products because coals with these two different properties are typically geologically distinct. The IMO International Maritime Solid Bulk Code entry for coal provides clear guidance as to how to deal with coals with either one property but the guidance is less clear if both are apparent. Moreover, the basic strategy for dealing with self-heating is to starve the coal of oxygen (i.e. air) by sealing the hatch covers and other openings, whereas for methane emission the strategy is to provide ventilation – the exact opposite. Such incidents, therefore, call for very careful management and the need for expert advice.
On board monitoring of coal cargoes in such situations relies to a very high degree on taking accurate gas readings, using equipment of the type specified in the IMSBC Code capable of measuring the concentrations of methane, oxygen and carbon monoxide. Although under “normal conditions” the Code indicates that one set of measurements per day is sufficient, if problems occur then in the initial stages this frequency might be considerably increased, perhaps to every two or three hours in order to monitor the conditions developing in the holds and the effectiveness of any actions taken.
The atmospheres that are sampled under such conditions may contain high concentrations of carbon monoxide and flammable gases (including methane) and virtually no oxygen. Experience shows that some sensors in gas detectors repeatedly exposed to such extremes may eventually not provide accurate readings or may fail altogether, although modern sensors may be somewhat less prone to these effects. In addition, the readings obtained from different instruments at the same time are rarely identical and sometimes vary greatly. As an extreme example, in a recent case it was found that two different gas analysers, both within their calibration dates and both ostensibly working normally, on occasion gave readings from the same location that were an order of magnitude apart. Clearly this could have a major effect on decision making.
On the same topic, at the 94th session of the IMO’s Maritime Safety Committee in November 2014, a new SOLAS regulation was agreed (XI-1/7) requiring that on or after 01 July 2016 all vessels (of 500 g.r.t. and above) must carry portable detectors capable of measuring the concentrations of oxygen, flammable gases, hydrogen sulphide and carbon monoxide along with the additional requirement that “suitable means shall be provided for the calibration of all such instruments”. It is hoped that by carrying calibration equipment, ship’s crews will be able more easily to identify when an analyser is not working correctly and needs to be serviced or replaced. Of course in many parts of the world technical facilities for the repair or replacement of analysers may not be immediately available. In the case of coal carriers loading in remote locations, Owners and Managers may thus wish to consider having a second calibrated analyser kept separately on board for back-up purposes.
When it comes to selecting suitable analysers, the IMSBC Code notes that the catalytic sensors used to measure methane concentrations (usually on the “%lel” scale) may not provide accurate results in atmospheres with a low oxygen content; “low” in this context typically being less than about 10%. This disadvantage can be overcome by the use of instruments that incorporate infrared (“IR”) sensors, which do not require the simultaneous presence of oxygen. In addition, modern analysers which can measure carbon monoxide concentrations of 2000ppm or more offer distinct advantages when monitoring incidents of self-heating.
Source: The Swedish Club
About The Swedish Club
The Swedish Club is a leading marine mutual insurer, headquartered in Gothenburg, Sweden, and with offices in some of the world's strategic shipping centres. The Swedish Club is a true mutual organisation with focus on marine safety and loss prevention.
Established in 1872, it is owned and self-managed and under the direct control of its members. All strategic decisions are taken by a Board of Directors drawn from the members.
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Monday, 27 June 16
THE BDI UP 3.75 PERCENT ; BCI FELL 1.51% WEEK OVER WEEK
COALspot.com: The Baltic Exchange, tracking rates for ships carrying dry bulk commodities rose this past week. The BDI was up 3.75 percent from las ...
Monday, 27 June 16
INDONESIA BANS (AGAIN) SHIPS SAILING TO THE PHILIPPINES FROM INDONESIA
COALspot.com: The Indonesian Transport Ministry strictly prohibited harbour masters issuing permits to all Indonesian-flagged vessels bound for the ...
Friday, 24 June 16
U.S WEEKLY COAL PRODUCTION UP MARGINALLY
COALspot.com – U.S, world’s one of the largest coal producers has produced approximately totalled an estimated 13.4 million short tons ...
Wednesday, 22 June 16
SMALL RISE IN SHIPPING CONFIDENCE - MOORE STEPHENS
In May 2016, the average confidence level expressed by respondents in the markets in which they operate was 5.1 on a scale of 1 (low) to 10 (high). ...
Wednesday, 22 June 16
SHIPPING MARKET INSIGHT - NASSOS SOULAKIS
Stagnation- With the BDI stuck in the low 600 points for almost a month now, if we had to choose a word to describe the state of the Dry Bulk freig ...
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- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- PTC India Limited - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- The University of Queensland
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Planning Commission, India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Minerals Council of Australia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Australian Coal Association
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