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Friday, 13 May 16
COAL CARGOES - SOME RECENT DEVELOPMENTS: SWEDISH CLUB
 KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Indonesia continues to be amongst the world’s major exporters of coal, some 426Mt being traded in 2013 mostly to India and China. The potential problems associated with coals from Indonesia are now well known to the shipping community and typically stem from a propensity of the material to self-heat, leading potentially to “spontaneous combustion”. Incidents continue to occur with barges of coal being presented for loading with stows that are evolving steam or even on fire.
Experience has enabled advice to be provided on how to manage such situations both by attending loading and discharge, or by advising remotely. More recently, however, incidents have occurred where gas readings have shown that coal already loaded exhibits not only self-heating characteristics but also significant methane emission. It may be the case that such cargoes are commercially selected blends of different mined products because coals with these two different properties are typically geologically distinct. The IMO International Maritime Solid Bulk Code entry for coal provides clear guidance as to how to deal with coals with either one property but the guidance is less clear if both are apparent. Moreover, the basic strategy for dealing with self-heating is to starve the coal of oxygen (i.e. air) by sealing the hatch covers and other openings, whereas for methane emission the strategy is to provide ventilation – the exact opposite. Such incidents, therefore, call for very careful management and the need for expert advice.
On board monitoring of coal cargoes in such situations relies to a very high degree on taking accurate gas readings, using equipment of the type specified in the IMSBC Code capable of measuring the concentrations of methane, oxygen and carbon monoxide. Although under “normal conditions” the Code indicates that one set of measurements per day is sufficient, if problems occur then in the initial stages this frequency might be considerably increased, perhaps to every two or three hours in order to monitor the conditions developing in the holds and the effectiveness of any actions taken.
The atmospheres that are sampled under such conditions may contain high concentrations of carbon monoxide and flammable gases (including methane) and virtually no oxygen. Experience shows that some sensors in gas detectors repeatedly exposed to such extremes may eventually not provide accurate readings or may fail altogether, although modern sensors may be somewhat less prone to these effects. In addition, the readings obtained from different instruments at the same time are rarely identical and sometimes vary greatly. As an extreme example, in a recent case it was found that two different gas analysers, both within their calibration dates and both ostensibly working normally, on occasion gave readings from the same location that were an order of magnitude apart. Clearly this could have a major effect on decision making.
On the same topic, at the 94th session of the IMO’s Maritime Safety Committee in November 2014, a new SOLAS regulation was agreed (XI-1/7) requiring that on or after 01 July 2016 all vessels (of 500 g.r.t. and above) must carry portable detectors capable of measuring the concentrations of oxygen, flammable gases, hydrogen sulphide and carbon monoxide along with the additional requirement that “suitable means shall be provided for the calibration of all such instruments”. It is hoped that by carrying calibration equipment, ship’s crews will be able more easily to identify when an analyser is not working correctly and needs to be serviced or replaced. Of course in many parts of the world technical facilities for the repair or replacement of analysers may not be immediately available. In the case of coal carriers loading in remote locations, Owners and Managers may thus wish to consider having a second calibrated analyser kept separately on board for back-up purposes.
When it comes to selecting suitable analysers, the IMSBC Code notes that the catalytic sensors used to measure methane concentrations (usually on the “%lel” scale) may not provide accurate results in atmospheres with a low oxygen content; “low” in this context typically being less than about 10%. This disadvantage can be overcome by the use of instruments that incorporate infrared (“IR”) sensors, which do not require the simultaneous presence of oxygen. In addition, modern analysers which can measure carbon monoxide concentrations of 2000ppm or more offer distinct advantages when monitoring incidents of self-heating.
Source: The Swedish Club
About The Swedish Club
The Swedish Club is a leading marine mutual insurer, headquartered in Gothenburg, Sweden, and with offices in some of the world's strategic shipping centres. The Swedish Club is a true mutual organisation with focus on marine safety and loss prevention.
Established in 1872, it is owned and self-managed and under the direct control of its members. All strategic decisions are taken by a Board of Directors drawn from the members.
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Monday, 27 June 16
THE BDI UP 3.75 PERCENT ; BCI FELL 1.51% WEEK OVER WEEK
COALspot.com: The Baltic Exchange, tracking rates for ships carrying dry bulk commodities rose this past week. The BDI was up 3.75 percent from las ...
Monday, 27 June 16
INDONESIA BANS (AGAIN) SHIPS SAILING TO THE PHILIPPINES FROM INDONESIA
COALspot.com: The Indonesian Transport Ministry strictly prohibited harbour masters issuing permits to all Indonesian-flagged vessels bound for the ...
Friday, 24 June 16
U.S WEEKLY COAL PRODUCTION UP MARGINALLY
COALspot.com – U.S, world’s one of the largest coal producers has produced approximately totalled an estimated 13.4 million short tons ...
Wednesday, 22 June 16
SMALL RISE IN SHIPPING CONFIDENCE - MOORE STEPHENS
In May 2016, the average confidence level expressed by respondents in the markets in which they operate was 5.1 on a scale of 1 (low) to 10 (high). ...
Wednesday, 22 June 16
SHIPPING MARKET INSIGHT - NASSOS SOULAKIS
Stagnation- With the BDI stuck in the low 600 points for almost a month now, if we had to choose a word to describe the state of the Dry Bulk freig ...
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- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- PTC India Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
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