We welcome article submissions from experts in the areas of coal, mining,
shipping, etc.
To Submit your article please click here.
|
|
|
Friday, 13 May 16
COAL CARGOES - SOME RECENT DEVELOPMENTS: SWEDISH CLUB
 KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Indonesia continues to be amongst the world’s major exporters of coal, some 426Mt being traded in 2013 mostly to India and China. The potential problems associated with coals from Indonesia are now well known to the shipping community and typically stem from a propensity of the material to self-heat, leading potentially to “spontaneous combustion”. Incidents continue to occur with barges of coal being presented for loading with stows that are evolving steam or even on fire.
Experience has enabled advice to be provided on how to manage such situations both by attending loading and discharge, or by advising remotely. More recently, however, incidents have occurred where gas readings have shown that coal already loaded exhibits not only self-heating characteristics but also significant methane emission. It may be the case that such cargoes are commercially selected blends of different mined products because coals with these two different properties are typically geologically distinct. The IMO International Maritime Solid Bulk Code entry for coal provides clear guidance as to how to deal with coals with either one property but the guidance is less clear if both are apparent. Moreover, the basic strategy for dealing with self-heating is to starve the coal of oxygen (i.e. air) by sealing the hatch covers and other openings, whereas for methane emission the strategy is to provide ventilation – the exact opposite. Such incidents, therefore, call for very careful management and the need for expert advice.
On board monitoring of coal cargoes in such situations relies to a very high degree on taking accurate gas readings, using equipment of the type specified in the IMSBC Code capable of measuring the concentrations of methane, oxygen and carbon monoxide. Although under “normal conditions” the Code indicates that one set of measurements per day is sufficient, if problems occur then in the initial stages this frequency might be considerably increased, perhaps to every two or three hours in order to monitor the conditions developing in the holds and the effectiveness of any actions taken.
The atmospheres that are sampled under such conditions may contain high concentrations of carbon monoxide and flammable gases (including methane) and virtually no oxygen. Experience shows that some sensors in gas detectors repeatedly exposed to such extremes may eventually not provide accurate readings or may fail altogether, although modern sensors may be somewhat less prone to these effects. In addition, the readings obtained from different instruments at the same time are rarely identical and sometimes vary greatly. As an extreme example, in a recent case it was found that two different gas analysers, both within their calibration dates and both ostensibly working normally, on occasion gave readings from the same location that were an order of magnitude apart. Clearly this could have a major effect on decision making.
On the same topic, at the 94th session of the IMO’s Maritime Safety Committee in November 2014, a new SOLAS regulation was agreed (XI-1/7) requiring that on or after 01 July 2016 all vessels (of 500 g.r.t. and above) must carry portable detectors capable of measuring the concentrations of oxygen, flammable gases, hydrogen sulphide and carbon monoxide along with the additional requirement that “suitable means shall be provided for the calibration of all such instruments”. It is hoped that by carrying calibration equipment, ship’s crews will be able more easily to identify when an analyser is not working correctly and needs to be serviced or replaced. Of course in many parts of the world technical facilities for the repair or replacement of analysers may not be immediately available. In the case of coal carriers loading in remote locations, Owners and Managers may thus wish to consider having a second calibrated analyser kept separately on board for back-up purposes.
When it comes to selecting suitable analysers, the IMSBC Code notes that the catalytic sensors used to measure methane concentrations (usually on the “%lel” scale) may not provide accurate results in atmospheres with a low oxygen content; “low” in this context typically being less than about 10%. This disadvantage can be overcome by the use of instruments that incorporate infrared (“IR”) sensors, which do not require the simultaneous presence of oxygen. In addition, modern analysers which can measure carbon monoxide concentrations of 2000ppm or more offer distinct advantages when monitoring incidents of self-heating.
Source: The Swedish Club
About The Swedish Club
The Swedish Club is a leading marine mutual insurer, headquartered in Gothenburg, Sweden, and with offices in some of the world's strategic shipping centres. The Swedish Club is a true mutual organisation with focus on marine safety and loss prevention.
Established in 1872, it is owned and self-managed and under the direct control of its members. All strategic decisions are taken by a Board of Directors drawn from the members.
If you believe an article violates your rights or the rights of others, please contact us.
|
|
Monday, 27 June 16
THE BDI UP 3.75 PERCENT ; BCI FELL 1.51% WEEK OVER WEEK
COALspot.com: The Baltic Exchange, tracking rates for ships carrying dry bulk commodities rose this past week. The BDI was up 3.75 percent from las ...
Monday, 27 June 16
INDONESIA BANS (AGAIN) SHIPS SAILING TO THE PHILIPPINES FROM INDONESIA
COALspot.com: The Indonesian Transport Ministry strictly prohibited harbour masters issuing permits to all Indonesian-flagged vessels bound for the ...
Friday, 24 June 16
U.S WEEKLY COAL PRODUCTION UP MARGINALLY
COALspot.com – U.S, world’s one of the largest coal producers has produced approximately totalled an estimated 13.4 million short tons ...
Wednesday, 22 June 16
SMALL RISE IN SHIPPING CONFIDENCE - MOORE STEPHENS
In May 2016, the average confidence level expressed by respondents in the markets in which they operate was 5.1 on a scale of 1 (low) to 10 (high). ...
Wednesday, 22 June 16
SHIPPING MARKET INSIGHT - NASSOS SOULAKIS
Stagnation- With the BDI stuck in the low 600 points for almost a month now, if we had to choose a word to describe the state of the Dry Bulk freig ...
|
|
|
Showing 2386 to 2390 news of total 6871 |
|
 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
 |
|
|
| |
|
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- The University of Queensland
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Planning Commission, India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- PTC India Limited - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Australian Coal Association
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
|
| |
| |
|
