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Friday, 13 May 16
COAL CARGOES - SOME RECENT DEVELOPMENTS: SWEDISH CLUB
 KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Indonesia continues to be amongst the world’s major exporters of coal, some 426Mt being traded in 2013 mostly to India and China. The potential problems associated with coals from Indonesia are now well known to the shipping community and typically stem from a propensity of the material to self-heat, leading potentially to “spontaneous combustion”. Incidents continue to occur with barges of coal being presented for loading with stows that are evolving steam or even on fire.
Experience has enabled advice to be provided on how to manage such situations both by attending loading and discharge, or by advising remotely. More recently, however, incidents have occurred where gas readings have shown that coal already loaded exhibits not only self-heating characteristics but also significant methane emission. It may be the case that such cargoes are commercially selected blends of different mined products because coals with these two different properties are typically geologically distinct. The IMO International Maritime Solid Bulk Code entry for coal provides clear guidance as to how to deal with coals with either one property but the guidance is less clear if both are apparent. Moreover, the basic strategy for dealing with self-heating is to starve the coal of oxygen (i.e. air) by sealing the hatch covers and other openings, whereas for methane emission the strategy is to provide ventilation – the exact opposite. Such incidents, therefore, call for very careful management and the need for expert advice.
On board monitoring of coal cargoes in such situations relies to a very high degree on taking accurate gas readings, using equipment of the type specified in the IMSBC Code capable of measuring the concentrations of methane, oxygen and carbon monoxide. Although under “normal conditions” the Code indicates that one set of measurements per day is sufficient, if problems occur then in the initial stages this frequency might be considerably increased, perhaps to every two or three hours in order to monitor the conditions developing in the holds and the effectiveness of any actions taken.
The atmospheres that are sampled under such conditions may contain high concentrations of carbon monoxide and flammable gases (including methane) and virtually no oxygen. Experience shows that some sensors in gas detectors repeatedly exposed to such extremes may eventually not provide accurate readings or may fail altogether, although modern sensors may be somewhat less prone to these effects. In addition, the readings obtained from different instruments at the same time are rarely identical and sometimes vary greatly. As an extreme example, in a recent case it was found that two different gas analysers, both within their calibration dates and both ostensibly working normally, on occasion gave readings from the same location that were an order of magnitude apart. Clearly this could have a major effect on decision making.
On the same topic, at the 94th session of the IMO’s Maritime Safety Committee in November 2014, a new SOLAS regulation was agreed (XI-1/7) requiring that on or after 01 July 2016 all vessels (of 500 g.r.t. and above) must carry portable detectors capable of measuring the concentrations of oxygen, flammable gases, hydrogen sulphide and carbon monoxide along with the additional requirement that “suitable means shall be provided for the calibration of all such instruments”. It is hoped that by carrying calibration equipment, ship’s crews will be able more easily to identify when an analyser is not working correctly and needs to be serviced or replaced. Of course in many parts of the world technical facilities for the repair or replacement of analysers may not be immediately available. In the case of coal carriers loading in remote locations, Owners and Managers may thus wish to consider having a second calibrated analyser kept separately on board for back-up purposes.
When it comes to selecting suitable analysers, the IMSBC Code notes that the catalytic sensors used to measure methane concentrations (usually on the “%lel” scale) may not provide accurate results in atmospheres with a low oxygen content; “low” in this context typically being less than about 10%. This disadvantage can be overcome by the use of instruments that incorporate infrared (“IR”) sensors, which do not require the simultaneous presence of oxygen. In addition, modern analysers which can measure carbon monoxide concentrations of 2000ppm or more offer distinct advantages when monitoring incidents of self-heating.
Source: The Swedish Club
About The Swedish Club
The Swedish Club is a leading marine mutual insurer, headquartered in Gothenburg, Sweden, and with offices in some of the world's strategic shipping centres. The Swedish Club is a true mutual organisation with focus on marine safety and loss prevention.
Established in 1872, it is owned and self-managed and under the direct control of its members. All strategic decisions are taken by a Board of Directors drawn from the members.
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Wednesday, 29 June 16
THE DRY BULK INDICES, OPPOSITE TO MOST GLOBAL MARKET INDICES, ROSE END OF LAST WEEK
Last week closed off with a massive shockwave for markets across the world following the British referendum, the result of which will mark the begi ...
Tuesday, 28 June 16
WEEKLY CS COAL INDICES ROSE ON RENEWED DEMAND FROM CHINA
COALspot.com: Average 5000 GAR coal index of Indonesian origin was up by 0.66 percent week over week to averaging $39.65 per ton this past week, sh ...
Tuesday, 28 June 16
CHINA'S IRON ORE IMPORTS: HOW MUCH MORE WORK FOR CAPES? - CLARKSONS
Chinese iron ore imports account for around two thirds of global seaborne iron ore shipments, making it the key driver of Capesize employment. Whil ...
Monday, 27 June 16
LATEST NEWS ON BIMCO'S CONTRACTS AND CLAUSES
BIMCO is currently updating several of its most widely used charter parties including SUPPLYTIME and BARECON. New developments include the Standard ...
Monday, 27 June 16
BREXIT RESULT COULD SEE UK FACING AN EXODUS OF MARITIME TALENT - FASTSTREAM
The UK’s decision to leave the EU has the potential to drive many of its maritime employees away, according to the results of a survey issued ...
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- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Economic Council, Georgia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Planning Commission, India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- The University of Queensland
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Australian Coal Association
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
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