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Friday, 13 May 16
COAL CARGOES - SOME RECENT DEVELOPMENTS: SWEDISH CLUB
 KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Indonesia continues to be amongst the world’s major exporters of coal, some 426Mt being traded in 2013 mostly to India and China. The potential problems associated with coals from Indonesia are now well known to the shipping community and typically stem from a propensity of the material to self-heat, leading potentially to “spontaneous combustion”. Incidents continue to occur with barges of coal being presented for loading with stows that are evolving steam or even on fire.
Experience has enabled advice to be provided on how to manage such situations both by attending loading and discharge, or by advising remotely. More recently, however, incidents have occurred where gas readings have shown that coal already loaded exhibits not only self-heating characteristics but also significant methane emission. It may be the case that such cargoes are commercially selected blends of different mined products because coals with these two different properties are typically geologically distinct. The IMO International Maritime Solid Bulk Code entry for coal provides clear guidance as to how to deal with coals with either one property but the guidance is less clear if both are apparent. Moreover, the basic strategy for dealing with self-heating is to starve the coal of oxygen (i.e. air) by sealing the hatch covers and other openings, whereas for methane emission the strategy is to provide ventilation – the exact opposite. Such incidents, therefore, call for very careful management and the need for expert advice.
On board monitoring of coal cargoes in such situations relies to a very high degree on taking accurate gas readings, using equipment of the type specified in the IMSBC Code capable of measuring the concentrations of methane, oxygen and carbon monoxide. Although under “normal conditions” the Code indicates that one set of measurements per day is sufficient, if problems occur then in the initial stages this frequency might be considerably increased, perhaps to every two or three hours in order to monitor the conditions developing in the holds and the effectiveness of any actions taken.
The atmospheres that are sampled under such conditions may contain high concentrations of carbon monoxide and flammable gases (including methane) and virtually no oxygen. Experience shows that some sensors in gas detectors repeatedly exposed to such extremes may eventually not provide accurate readings or may fail altogether, although modern sensors may be somewhat less prone to these effects. In addition, the readings obtained from different instruments at the same time are rarely identical and sometimes vary greatly. As an extreme example, in a recent case it was found that two different gas analysers, both within their calibration dates and both ostensibly working normally, on occasion gave readings from the same location that were an order of magnitude apart. Clearly this could have a major effect on decision making.
On the same topic, at the 94th session of the IMO’s Maritime Safety Committee in November 2014, a new SOLAS regulation was agreed (XI-1/7) requiring that on or after 01 July 2016 all vessels (of 500 g.r.t. and above) must carry portable detectors capable of measuring the concentrations of oxygen, flammable gases, hydrogen sulphide and carbon monoxide along with the additional requirement that “suitable means shall be provided for the calibration of all such instruments”. It is hoped that by carrying calibration equipment, ship’s crews will be able more easily to identify when an analyser is not working correctly and needs to be serviced or replaced. Of course in many parts of the world technical facilities for the repair or replacement of analysers may not be immediately available. In the case of coal carriers loading in remote locations, Owners and Managers may thus wish to consider having a second calibrated analyser kept separately on board for back-up purposes.
When it comes to selecting suitable analysers, the IMSBC Code notes that the catalytic sensors used to measure methane concentrations (usually on the “%lel” scale) may not provide accurate results in atmospheres with a low oxygen content; “low” in this context typically being less than about 10%. This disadvantage can be overcome by the use of instruments that incorporate infrared (“IR”) sensors, which do not require the simultaneous presence of oxygen. In addition, modern analysers which can measure carbon monoxide concentrations of 2000ppm or more offer distinct advantages when monitoring incidents of self-heating.
Source: The Swedish Club
About The Swedish Club
The Swedish Club is a leading marine mutual insurer, headquartered in Gothenburg, Sweden, and with offices in some of the world's strategic shipping centres. The Swedish Club is a true mutual organisation with focus on marine safety and loss prevention.
Established in 1872, it is owned and self-managed and under the direct control of its members. All strategic decisions are taken by a Board of Directors drawn from the members.
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Wednesday, 29 June 16
THE DRY BULK INDICES, OPPOSITE TO MOST GLOBAL MARKET INDICES, ROSE END OF LAST WEEK
Last week closed off with a massive shockwave for markets across the world following the British referendum, the result of which will mark the begi ...
Tuesday, 28 June 16
WEEKLY CS COAL INDICES ROSE ON RENEWED DEMAND FROM CHINA
COALspot.com: Average 5000 GAR coal index of Indonesian origin was up by 0.66 percent week over week to averaging $39.65 per ton this past week, sh ...
Tuesday, 28 June 16
CHINA'S IRON ORE IMPORTS: HOW MUCH MORE WORK FOR CAPES? - CLARKSONS
Chinese iron ore imports account for around two thirds of global seaborne iron ore shipments, making it the key driver of Capesize employment. Whil ...
Monday, 27 June 16
LATEST NEWS ON BIMCO'S CONTRACTS AND CLAUSES
BIMCO is currently updating several of its most widely used charter parties including SUPPLYTIME and BARECON. New developments include the Standard ...
Monday, 27 June 16
BREXIT RESULT COULD SEE UK FACING AN EXODUS OF MARITIME TALENT - FASTSTREAM
The UK’s decision to leave the EU has the potential to drive many of its maritime employees away, according to the results of a survey issued ...
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- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Planning Commission, India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- White Energy Company Limited
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- MS Steel International - UAE
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- The University of Queensland
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
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