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Friday, 13 May 16
COAL CARGOES - SOME RECENT DEVELOPMENTS: SWEDISH CLUB
 KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Indonesia continues to be amongst the world’s major exporters of coal, some 426Mt being traded in 2013 mostly to India and China. The potential problems associated with coals from Indonesia are now well known to the shipping community and typically stem from a propensity of the material to self-heat, leading potentially to “spontaneous combustion”. Incidents continue to occur with barges of coal being presented for loading with stows that are evolving steam or even on fire.
Experience has enabled advice to be provided on how to manage such situations both by attending loading and discharge, or by advising remotely. More recently, however, incidents have occurred where gas readings have shown that coal already loaded exhibits not only self-heating characteristics but also significant methane emission. It may be the case that such cargoes are commercially selected blends of different mined products because coals with these two different properties are typically geologically distinct. The IMO International Maritime Solid Bulk Code entry for coal provides clear guidance as to how to deal with coals with either one property but the guidance is less clear if both are apparent. Moreover, the basic strategy for dealing with self-heating is to starve the coal of oxygen (i.e. air) by sealing the hatch covers and other openings, whereas for methane emission the strategy is to provide ventilation – the exact opposite. Such incidents, therefore, call for very careful management and the need for expert advice.
On board monitoring of coal cargoes in such situations relies to a very high degree on taking accurate gas readings, using equipment of the type specified in the IMSBC Code capable of measuring the concentrations of methane, oxygen and carbon monoxide. Although under “normal conditions” the Code indicates that one set of measurements per day is sufficient, if problems occur then in the initial stages this frequency might be considerably increased, perhaps to every two or three hours in order to monitor the conditions developing in the holds and the effectiveness of any actions taken.
The atmospheres that are sampled under such conditions may contain high concentrations of carbon monoxide and flammable gases (including methane) and virtually no oxygen. Experience shows that some sensors in gas detectors repeatedly exposed to such extremes may eventually not provide accurate readings or may fail altogether, although modern sensors may be somewhat less prone to these effects. In addition, the readings obtained from different instruments at the same time are rarely identical and sometimes vary greatly. As an extreme example, in a recent case it was found that two different gas analysers, both within their calibration dates and both ostensibly working normally, on occasion gave readings from the same location that were an order of magnitude apart. Clearly this could have a major effect on decision making.
On the same topic, at the 94th session of the IMO’s Maritime Safety Committee in November 2014, a new SOLAS regulation was agreed (XI-1/7) requiring that on or after 01 July 2016 all vessels (of 500 g.r.t. and above) must carry portable detectors capable of measuring the concentrations of oxygen, flammable gases, hydrogen sulphide and carbon monoxide along with the additional requirement that “suitable means shall be provided for the calibration of all such instruments”. It is hoped that by carrying calibration equipment, ship’s crews will be able more easily to identify when an analyser is not working correctly and needs to be serviced or replaced. Of course in many parts of the world technical facilities for the repair or replacement of analysers may not be immediately available. In the case of coal carriers loading in remote locations, Owners and Managers may thus wish to consider having a second calibrated analyser kept separately on board for back-up purposes.
When it comes to selecting suitable analysers, the IMSBC Code notes that the catalytic sensors used to measure methane concentrations (usually on the “%lel” scale) may not provide accurate results in atmospheres with a low oxygen content; “low” in this context typically being less than about 10%. This disadvantage can be overcome by the use of instruments that incorporate infrared (“IR”) sensors, which do not require the simultaneous presence of oxygen. In addition, modern analysers which can measure carbon monoxide concentrations of 2000ppm or more offer distinct advantages when monitoring incidents of self-heating.
Source: The Swedish Club
About The Swedish Club
The Swedish Club is a leading marine mutual insurer, headquartered in Gothenburg, Sweden, and with offices in some of the world's strategic shipping centres. The Swedish Club is a true mutual organisation with focus on marine safety and loss prevention.
Established in 1872, it is owned and self-managed and under the direct control of its members. All strategic decisions are taken by a Board of Directors drawn from the members.
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Monday, 04 July 16
BDI ROSE ON STRONGER DEMAND ACROSS ALL VESSEL SEGMENTS
COALspot.com: The Baltic Exchange, tracking rates for ships carrying dry bulk commodities rose this past week. The BDI was up 11.16 percent from la ...
Friday, 01 July 16
BREXIT SET TO HURT SHIPPING IN THE LONG-TERM AS IT WILL TAKE ITS TOLL IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY'S GROWTH - HELLENIC SHIPPING
Setting aside the short-term negative impact of the Brexit, in terms of stock market and currency volatility, it’s more than evident that the ...
Friday, 01 July 16
U.S'S COAL EXPORTS HAVE DECLINED FOR TWELVE QUARTERS IN A ROW - EIA
COALspot.com – U.S, world’s one of the largest coal producers has produced approximately totalled an estimated 13.7 million short t ...
Thursday, 30 June 16
CAPE - THIS WEEK'S FREIGHT AND ACTIVITY LEVEL HAVE KEPT STABLE - FEARNLEYS
Cape
This week’s freight and activity level have kept stable. It is support at the present levels and despite a volatile market the freight ...
Thursday, 30 June 16
OIL PRODUCT TANKERS EARNINGS DECLINE AS STOCKBUILDING SLOWS DOWN - BIMCO
BIMCO’s expectations remain as the oil product tanker fleet continues to grow with earnings at the lowest since Q3 in 2014. But there is stil ...
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- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- PTC India Limited - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Planning Commission, India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Australian Coal Association
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
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