We welcome article submissions from experts in the areas of coal, mining,
shipping, etc.
To Submit your article please click here.
|
|
|
Friday, 13 May 16
COAL CARGOES - SOME RECENT DEVELOPMENTS: SWEDISH CLUB
 KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Indonesia continues to be amongst the world’s major exporters of coal, some 426Mt being traded in 2013 mostly to India and China. The potential problems associated with coals from Indonesia are now well known to the shipping community and typically stem from a propensity of the material to self-heat, leading potentially to “spontaneous combustion”. Incidents continue to occur with barges of coal being presented for loading with stows that are evolving steam or even on fire.
Experience has enabled advice to be provided on how to manage such situations both by attending loading and discharge, or by advising remotely. More recently, however, incidents have occurred where gas readings have shown that coal already loaded exhibits not only self-heating characteristics but also significant methane emission. It may be the case that such cargoes are commercially selected blends of different mined products because coals with these two different properties are typically geologically distinct. The IMO International Maritime Solid Bulk Code entry for coal provides clear guidance as to how to deal with coals with either one property but the guidance is less clear if both are apparent. Moreover, the basic strategy for dealing with self-heating is to starve the coal of oxygen (i.e. air) by sealing the hatch covers and other openings, whereas for methane emission the strategy is to provide ventilation – the exact opposite. Such incidents, therefore, call for very careful management and the need for expert advice.
On board monitoring of coal cargoes in such situations relies to a very high degree on taking accurate gas readings, using equipment of the type specified in the IMSBC Code capable of measuring the concentrations of methane, oxygen and carbon monoxide. Although under “normal conditions” the Code indicates that one set of measurements per day is sufficient, if problems occur then in the initial stages this frequency might be considerably increased, perhaps to every two or three hours in order to monitor the conditions developing in the holds and the effectiveness of any actions taken.
The atmospheres that are sampled under such conditions may contain high concentrations of carbon monoxide and flammable gases (including methane) and virtually no oxygen. Experience shows that some sensors in gas detectors repeatedly exposed to such extremes may eventually not provide accurate readings or may fail altogether, although modern sensors may be somewhat less prone to these effects. In addition, the readings obtained from different instruments at the same time are rarely identical and sometimes vary greatly. As an extreme example, in a recent case it was found that two different gas analysers, both within their calibration dates and both ostensibly working normally, on occasion gave readings from the same location that were an order of magnitude apart. Clearly this could have a major effect on decision making.
On the same topic, at the 94th session of the IMO’s Maritime Safety Committee in November 2014, a new SOLAS regulation was agreed (XI-1/7) requiring that on or after 01 July 2016 all vessels (of 500 g.r.t. and above) must carry portable detectors capable of measuring the concentrations of oxygen, flammable gases, hydrogen sulphide and carbon monoxide along with the additional requirement that “suitable means shall be provided for the calibration of all such instruments”. It is hoped that by carrying calibration equipment, ship’s crews will be able more easily to identify when an analyser is not working correctly and needs to be serviced or replaced. Of course in many parts of the world technical facilities for the repair or replacement of analysers may not be immediately available. In the case of coal carriers loading in remote locations, Owners and Managers may thus wish to consider having a second calibrated analyser kept separately on board for back-up purposes.
When it comes to selecting suitable analysers, the IMSBC Code notes that the catalytic sensors used to measure methane concentrations (usually on the “%lel” scale) may not provide accurate results in atmospheres with a low oxygen content; “low” in this context typically being less than about 10%. This disadvantage can be overcome by the use of instruments that incorporate infrared (“IR”) sensors, which do not require the simultaneous presence of oxygen. In addition, modern analysers which can measure carbon monoxide concentrations of 2000ppm or more offer distinct advantages when monitoring incidents of self-heating.
Source: The Swedish Club
About The Swedish Club
The Swedish Club is a leading marine mutual insurer, headquartered in Gothenburg, Sweden, and with offices in some of the world's strategic shipping centres. The Swedish Club is a true mutual organisation with focus on marine safety and loss prevention.
Established in 1872, it is owned and self-managed and under the direct control of its members. All strategic decisions are taken by a Board of Directors drawn from the members.
If you believe an article violates your rights or the rights of others, please contact us.
|
|
Monday, 04 July 16
BDI ROSE ON STRONGER DEMAND ACROSS ALL VESSEL SEGMENTS
COALspot.com: The Baltic Exchange, tracking rates for ships carrying dry bulk commodities rose this past week. The BDI was up 11.16 percent from la ...
Friday, 01 July 16
BREXIT SET TO HURT SHIPPING IN THE LONG-TERM AS IT WILL TAKE ITS TOLL IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY'S GROWTH - HELLENIC SHIPPING
Setting aside the short-term negative impact of the Brexit, in terms of stock market and currency volatility, it’s more than evident that the ...
Friday, 01 July 16
U.S'S COAL EXPORTS HAVE DECLINED FOR TWELVE QUARTERS IN A ROW - EIA
COALspot.com – U.S, world’s one of the largest coal producers has produced approximately totalled an estimated 13.7 million short t ...
Thursday, 30 June 16
CAPE - THIS WEEK'S FREIGHT AND ACTIVITY LEVEL HAVE KEPT STABLE - FEARNLEYS
Cape
This week’s freight and activity level have kept stable. It is support at the present levels and despite a volatile market the freight ...
Thursday, 30 June 16
OIL PRODUCT TANKERS EARNINGS DECLINE AS STOCKBUILDING SLOWS DOWN - BIMCO
BIMCO’s expectations remain as the oil product tanker fleet continues to grow with earnings at the lowest since Q3 in 2014. But there is stil ...
|
|
|
Showing 2376 to 2380 news of total 6871 |
|
 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
 |
|
|
| |
|
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
|
| |
| |
|
