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Friday, 13 May 16
COAL CARGOES - SOME RECENT DEVELOPMENTS: SWEDISH CLUB
 KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Indonesia continues to be amongst the world’s major exporters of coal, some 426Mt being traded in 2013 mostly to India and China. The potential problems associated with coals from Indonesia are now well known to the shipping community and typically stem from a propensity of the material to self-heat, leading potentially to “spontaneous combustion”. Incidents continue to occur with barges of coal being presented for loading with stows that are evolving steam or even on fire.
Experience has enabled advice to be provided on how to manage such situations both by attending loading and discharge, or by advising remotely. More recently, however, incidents have occurred where gas readings have shown that coal already loaded exhibits not only self-heating characteristics but also significant methane emission. It may be the case that such cargoes are commercially selected blends of different mined products because coals with these two different properties are typically geologically distinct. The IMO International Maritime Solid Bulk Code entry for coal provides clear guidance as to how to deal with coals with either one property but the guidance is less clear if both are apparent. Moreover, the basic strategy for dealing with self-heating is to starve the coal of oxygen (i.e. air) by sealing the hatch covers and other openings, whereas for methane emission the strategy is to provide ventilation – the exact opposite. Such incidents, therefore, call for very careful management and the need for expert advice.
On board monitoring of coal cargoes in such situations relies to a very high degree on taking accurate gas readings, using equipment of the type specified in the IMSBC Code capable of measuring the concentrations of methane, oxygen and carbon monoxide. Although under “normal conditions” the Code indicates that one set of measurements per day is sufficient, if problems occur then in the initial stages this frequency might be considerably increased, perhaps to every two or three hours in order to monitor the conditions developing in the holds and the effectiveness of any actions taken.
The atmospheres that are sampled under such conditions may contain high concentrations of carbon monoxide and flammable gases (including methane) and virtually no oxygen. Experience shows that some sensors in gas detectors repeatedly exposed to such extremes may eventually not provide accurate readings or may fail altogether, although modern sensors may be somewhat less prone to these effects. In addition, the readings obtained from different instruments at the same time are rarely identical and sometimes vary greatly. As an extreme example, in a recent case it was found that two different gas analysers, both within their calibration dates and both ostensibly working normally, on occasion gave readings from the same location that were an order of magnitude apart. Clearly this could have a major effect on decision making.
On the same topic, at the 94th session of the IMO’s Maritime Safety Committee in November 2014, a new SOLAS regulation was agreed (XI-1/7) requiring that on or after 01 July 2016 all vessels (of 500 g.r.t. and above) must carry portable detectors capable of measuring the concentrations of oxygen, flammable gases, hydrogen sulphide and carbon monoxide along with the additional requirement that “suitable means shall be provided for the calibration of all such instruments”. It is hoped that by carrying calibration equipment, ship’s crews will be able more easily to identify when an analyser is not working correctly and needs to be serviced or replaced. Of course in many parts of the world technical facilities for the repair or replacement of analysers may not be immediately available. In the case of coal carriers loading in remote locations, Owners and Managers may thus wish to consider having a second calibrated analyser kept separately on board for back-up purposes.
When it comes to selecting suitable analysers, the IMSBC Code notes that the catalytic sensors used to measure methane concentrations (usually on the “%lel” scale) may not provide accurate results in atmospheres with a low oxygen content; “low” in this context typically being less than about 10%. This disadvantage can be overcome by the use of instruments that incorporate infrared (“IR”) sensors, which do not require the simultaneous presence of oxygen. In addition, modern analysers which can measure carbon monoxide concentrations of 2000ppm or more offer distinct advantages when monitoring incidents of self-heating.
Source: The Swedish Club
About The Swedish Club
The Swedish Club is a leading marine mutual insurer, headquartered in Gothenburg, Sweden, and with offices in some of the world's strategic shipping centres. The Swedish Club is a true mutual organisation with focus on marine safety and loss prevention.
Established in 1872, it is owned and self-managed and under the direct control of its members. All strategic decisions are taken by a Board of Directors drawn from the members.
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Wednesday, 06 July 16
KOMIPO INVITES BIDS FOR 780000 MT OF BITUMINOUS COAL
COALspot.com: South Korea state-owned utility Korea Midland Power (KOMIPO) issued a new tender for 780,000 Metric Tons of Bituminous Coal for its B ...
Wednesday, 06 July 16
MARKET INSIGHT - VASSILIS VASSILIOU
After a fairly silent first half of the year in the ship repair sector, we have finally a harmonized workload in the shipyards around the world. Ma ...
Tuesday, 05 July 16
DRY BULK SHIPPING'S RECOVERY NOT SEEN UNTIL 2018 - SGX
SGX freight derivative volumes totaled 36,542 contracts in June (-28% m/m; +52% y/y), while open interest averaged 121,189 contracts during the mon ...
Tuesday, 05 July 16
SPOT COAL INDEXES FOR INDONESIAN COAL CONTINUE TO HOLD FIRM - CS COAL INDEX
COALspot.com: Average 5000 GAR coal index of Indonesian origin was up by 0.83 percent week over week to averaging $39.98 per ton this past week, sh ...
Monday, 04 July 16
INDONESIA COAL PRICE REFERENCE CLIMBED 2.30% IN JULY
COALspot.com: The Indonesia Coal Benchmark Price increased in July 2016.
The Director General of Mineral and Coal of Indonesia, the r ...
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- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- White Energy Company Limited
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
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