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Friday, 13 May 16
COAL CARGOES - SOME RECENT DEVELOPMENTS: SWEDISH CLUB
 KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Indonesia continues to be amongst the world’s major exporters of coal, some 426Mt being traded in 2013 mostly to India and China. The potential problems associated with coals from Indonesia are now well known to the shipping community and typically stem from a propensity of the material to self-heat, leading potentially to “spontaneous combustion”. Incidents continue to occur with barges of coal being presented for loading with stows that are evolving steam or even on fire.
Experience has enabled advice to be provided on how to manage such situations both by attending loading and discharge, or by advising remotely. More recently, however, incidents have occurred where gas readings have shown that coal already loaded exhibits not only self-heating characteristics but also significant methane emission. It may be the case that such cargoes are commercially selected blends of different mined products because coals with these two different properties are typically geologically distinct. The IMO International Maritime Solid Bulk Code entry for coal provides clear guidance as to how to deal with coals with either one property but the guidance is less clear if both are apparent. Moreover, the basic strategy for dealing with self-heating is to starve the coal of oxygen (i.e. air) by sealing the hatch covers and other openings, whereas for methane emission the strategy is to provide ventilation – the exact opposite. Such incidents, therefore, call for very careful management and the need for expert advice.
On board monitoring of coal cargoes in such situations relies to a very high degree on taking accurate gas readings, using equipment of the type specified in the IMSBC Code capable of measuring the concentrations of methane, oxygen and carbon monoxide. Although under “normal conditions” the Code indicates that one set of measurements per day is sufficient, if problems occur then in the initial stages this frequency might be considerably increased, perhaps to every two or three hours in order to monitor the conditions developing in the holds and the effectiveness of any actions taken.
The atmospheres that are sampled under such conditions may contain high concentrations of carbon monoxide and flammable gases (including methane) and virtually no oxygen. Experience shows that some sensors in gas detectors repeatedly exposed to such extremes may eventually not provide accurate readings or may fail altogether, although modern sensors may be somewhat less prone to these effects. In addition, the readings obtained from different instruments at the same time are rarely identical and sometimes vary greatly. As an extreme example, in a recent case it was found that two different gas analysers, both within their calibration dates and both ostensibly working normally, on occasion gave readings from the same location that were an order of magnitude apart. Clearly this could have a major effect on decision making.
On the same topic, at the 94th session of the IMO’s Maritime Safety Committee in November 2014, a new SOLAS regulation was agreed (XI-1/7) requiring that on or after 01 July 2016 all vessels (of 500 g.r.t. and above) must carry portable detectors capable of measuring the concentrations of oxygen, flammable gases, hydrogen sulphide and carbon monoxide along with the additional requirement that “suitable means shall be provided for the calibration of all such instruments”. It is hoped that by carrying calibration equipment, ship’s crews will be able more easily to identify when an analyser is not working correctly and needs to be serviced or replaced. Of course in many parts of the world technical facilities for the repair or replacement of analysers may not be immediately available. In the case of coal carriers loading in remote locations, Owners and Managers may thus wish to consider having a second calibrated analyser kept separately on board for back-up purposes.
When it comes to selecting suitable analysers, the IMSBC Code notes that the catalytic sensors used to measure methane concentrations (usually on the “%lel” scale) may not provide accurate results in atmospheres with a low oxygen content; “low” in this context typically being less than about 10%. This disadvantage can be overcome by the use of instruments that incorporate infrared (“IR”) sensors, which do not require the simultaneous presence of oxygen. In addition, modern analysers which can measure carbon monoxide concentrations of 2000ppm or more offer distinct advantages when monitoring incidents of self-heating.
Source: The Swedish Club
About The Swedish Club
The Swedish Club is a leading marine mutual insurer, headquartered in Gothenburg, Sweden, and with offices in some of the world's strategic shipping centres. The Swedish Club is a true mutual organisation with focus on marine safety and loss prevention.
Established in 1872, it is owned and self-managed and under the direct control of its members. All strategic decisions are taken by a Board of Directors drawn from the members.
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Monday, 11 July 16
THE MAIN SEA FREIGHT INDEX, BDI ROSE FURTHER ON 8 JULY DUE TO STRONG DEMAND FOR PANAMAX SHIPS
COALspot.com: The Baltic Exchange, tracking rates for ships carrying dry bulk commodities rose this past week. The BDI was up 3.84 percent from las ...
Monday, 11 July 16
DRY BULK MARKET: UP TO 30 MILLION DWT OF OLDER BULKERS WILL NEED TO BE SCRAPPED BY END OF 2017 FOR MARKET TO FIND BALANCE
Tonnage oversupply in the dry bulk market is more than evident, as newbuildings have been hitting the water faster than owners can scrap their olde ...
Friday, 08 July 16
U.S. WEEKLY COAL OUTPUT UP 3% TO 14.1 MMST - EIA
COALspot.com – U.S, world’s second largest coal producers has produced approximately totalled an estimated 14.1 million short tons (mms ...
Thursday, 07 July 16
PANAMAX : THE TENDENCY FROM LAST WEEK CONTINUES WITH A CONSIDERABLY STRONGER SENTIMENT ALL ACROSS THE BLOCK - FEARNLEYS
Capesize
Rates have been holding at steady levels over the last weeks but towards end of this period they are becoming under more pressure as gen ...
Thursday, 07 July 16
CONSOLIDATION TO RULE OVER SHIPPING, AS EXECUTIVES SEEK INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA, INDIA AND EUROPE SAYS NORTON ROSE SURVEY
The transport sector is looking to Asia Pacific as the key market for investment over the next five years, according to the seventh The way ahead T ...
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- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- White Energy Company Limited
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- The University of Queensland
- Australian Coal Association
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
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