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Friday, 13 May 16
COAL CARGOES - SOME RECENT DEVELOPMENTS: SWEDISH CLUB
 KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Indonesia continues to be amongst the world’s major exporters of coal, some 426Mt being traded in 2013 mostly to India and China. The potential problems associated with coals from Indonesia are now well known to the shipping community and typically stem from a propensity of the material to self-heat, leading potentially to “spontaneous combustion”. Incidents continue to occur with barges of coal being presented for loading with stows that are evolving steam or even on fire.
Experience has enabled advice to be provided on how to manage such situations both by attending loading and discharge, or by advising remotely. More recently, however, incidents have occurred where gas readings have shown that coal already loaded exhibits not only self-heating characteristics but also significant methane emission. It may be the case that such cargoes are commercially selected blends of different mined products because coals with these two different properties are typically geologically distinct. The IMO International Maritime Solid Bulk Code entry for coal provides clear guidance as to how to deal with coals with either one property but the guidance is less clear if both are apparent. Moreover, the basic strategy for dealing with self-heating is to starve the coal of oxygen (i.e. air) by sealing the hatch covers and other openings, whereas for methane emission the strategy is to provide ventilation – the exact opposite. Such incidents, therefore, call for very careful management and the need for expert advice.
On board monitoring of coal cargoes in such situations relies to a very high degree on taking accurate gas readings, using equipment of the type specified in the IMSBC Code capable of measuring the concentrations of methane, oxygen and carbon monoxide. Although under “normal conditions” the Code indicates that one set of measurements per day is sufficient, if problems occur then in the initial stages this frequency might be considerably increased, perhaps to every two or three hours in order to monitor the conditions developing in the holds and the effectiveness of any actions taken.
The atmospheres that are sampled under such conditions may contain high concentrations of carbon monoxide and flammable gases (including methane) and virtually no oxygen. Experience shows that some sensors in gas detectors repeatedly exposed to such extremes may eventually not provide accurate readings or may fail altogether, although modern sensors may be somewhat less prone to these effects. In addition, the readings obtained from different instruments at the same time are rarely identical and sometimes vary greatly. As an extreme example, in a recent case it was found that two different gas analysers, both within their calibration dates and both ostensibly working normally, on occasion gave readings from the same location that were an order of magnitude apart. Clearly this could have a major effect on decision making.
On the same topic, at the 94th session of the IMO’s Maritime Safety Committee in November 2014, a new SOLAS regulation was agreed (XI-1/7) requiring that on or after 01 July 2016 all vessels (of 500 g.r.t. and above) must carry portable detectors capable of measuring the concentrations of oxygen, flammable gases, hydrogen sulphide and carbon monoxide along with the additional requirement that “suitable means shall be provided for the calibration of all such instruments”. It is hoped that by carrying calibration equipment, ship’s crews will be able more easily to identify when an analyser is not working correctly and needs to be serviced or replaced. Of course in many parts of the world technical facilities for the repair or replacement of analysers may not be immediately available. In the case of coal carriers loading in remote locations, Owners and Managers may thus wish to consider having a second calibrated analyser kept separately on board for back-up purposes.
When it comes to selecting suitable analysers, the IMSBC Code notes that the catalytic sensors used to measure methane concentrations (usually on the “%lel” scale) may not provide accurate results in atmospheres with a low oxygen content; “low” in this context typically being less than about 10%. This disadvantage can be overcome by the use of instruments that incorporate infrared (“IR”) sensors, which do not require the simultaneous presence of oxygen. In addition, modern analysers which can measure carbon monoxide concentrations of 2000ppm or more offer distinct advantages when monitoring incidents of self-heating.
Source: The Swedish Club
About The Swedish Club
The Swedish Club is a leading marine mutual insurer, headquartered in Gothenburg, Sweden, and with offices in some of the world's strategic shipping centres. The Swedish Club is a true mutual organisation with focus on marine safety and loss prevention.
Established in 1872, it is owned and self-managed and under the direct control of its members. All strategic decisions are taken by a Board of Directors drawn from the members.
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Monday, 11 July 16
THE MAIN SEA FREIGHT INDEX, BDI ROSE FURTHER ON 8 JULY DUE TO STRONG DEMAND FOR PANAMAX SHIPS
COALspot.com: The Baltic Exchange, tracking rates for ships carrying dry bulk commodities rose this past week. The BDI was up 3.84 percent from las ...
Monday, 11 July 16
DRY BULK MARKET: UP TO 30 MILLION DWT OF OLDER BULKERS WILL NEED TO BE SCRAPPED BY END OF 2017 FOR MARKET TO FIND BALANCE
Tonnage oversupply in the dry bulk market is more than evident, as newbuildings have been hitting the water faster than owners can scrap their olde ...
Friday, 08 July 16
U.S. WEEKLY COAL OUTPUT UP 3% TO 14.1 MMST - EIA
COALspot.com – U.S, world’s second largest coal producers has produced approximately totalled an estimated 14.1 million short tons (mms ...
Thursday, 07 July 16
PANAMAX : THE TENDENCY FROM LAST WEEK CONTINUES WITH A CONSIDERABLY STRONGER SENTIMENT ALL ACROSS THE BLOCK - FEARNLEYS
Capesize
Rates have been holding at steady levels over the last weeks but towards end of this period they are becoming under more pressure as gen ...
Thursday, 07 July 16
CONSOLIDATION TO RULE OVER SHIPPING, AS EXECUTIVES SEEK INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES IN CHINA, INDIA AND EUROPE SAYS NORTON ROSE SURVEY
The transport sector is looking to Asia Pacific as the key market for investment over the next five years, according to the seventh The way ahead T ...
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- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Australian Coal Association
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- VISA Power Limited - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- The University of Queensland
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- PTC India Limited - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
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