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Friday, 13 May 16
COAL CARGOES - SOME RECENT DEVELOPMENTS: SWEDISH CLUB
 KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Indonesia continues to be amongst the world’s major exporters of coal, some 426Mt being traded in 2013 mostly to India and China. The potential problems associated with coals from Indonesia are now well known to the shipping community and typically stem from a propensity of the material to self-heat, leading potentially to “spontaneous combustion”. Incidents continue to occur with barges of coal being presented for loading with stows that are evolving steam or even on fire.
Experience has enabled advice to be provided on how to manage such situations both by attending loading and discharge, or by advising remotely. More recently, however, incidents have occurred where gas readings have shown that coal already loaded exhibits not only self-heating characteristics but also significant methane emission. It may be the case that such cargoes are commercially selected blends of different mined products because coals with these two different properties are typically geologically distinct. The IMO International Maritime Solid Bulk Code entry for coal provides clear guidance as to how to deal with coals with either one property but the guidance is less clear if both are apparent. Moreover, the basic strategy for dealing with self-heating is to starve the coal of oxygen (i.e. air) by sealing the hatch covers and other openings, whereas for methane emission the strategy is to provide ventilation – the exact opposite. Such incidents, therefore, call for very careful management and the need for expert advice.
On board monitoring of coal cargoes in such situations relies to a very high degree on taking accurate gas readings, using equipment of the type specified in the IMSBC Code capable of measuring the concentrations of methane, oxygen and carbon monoxide. Although under “normal conditions” the Code indicates that one set of measurements per day is sufficient, if problems occur then in the initial stages this frequency might be considerably increased, perhaps to every two or three hours in order to monitor the conditions developing in the holds and the effectiveness of any actions taken.
The atmospheres that are sampled under such conditions may contain high concentrations of carbon monoxide and flammable gases (including methane) and virtually no oxygen. Experience shows that some sensors in gas detectors repeatedly exposed to such extremes may eventually not provide accurate readings or may fail altogether, although modern sensors may be somewhat less prone to these effects. In addition, the readings obtained from different instruments at the same time are rarely identical and sometimes vary greatly. As an extreme example, in a recent case it was found that two different gas analysers, both within their calibration dates and both ostensibly working normally, on occasion gave readings from the same location that were an order of magnitude apart. Clearly this could have a major effect on decision making.
On the same topic, at the 94th session of the IMO’s Maritime Safety Committee in November 2014, a new SOLAS regulation was agreed (XI-1/7) requiring that on or after 01 July 2016 all vessels (of 500 g.r.t. and above) must carry portable detectors capable of measuring the concentrations of oxygen, flammable gases, hydrogen sulphide and carbon monoxide along with the additional requirement that “suitable means shall be provided for the calibration of all such instruments”. It is hoped that by carrying calibration equipment, ship’s crews will be able more easily to identify when an analyser is not working correctly and needs to be serviced or replaced. Of course in many parts of the world technical facilities for the repair or replacement of analysers may not be immediately available. In the case of coal carriers loading in remote locations, Owners and Managers may thus wish to consider having a second calibrated analyser kept separately on board for back-up purposes.
When it comes to selecting suitable analysers, the IMSBC Code notes that the catalytic sensors used to measure methane concentrations (usually on the “%lel” scale) may not provide accurate results in atmospheres with a low oxygen content; “low” in this context typically being less than about 10%. This disadvantage can be overcome by the use of instruments that incorporate infrared (“IR”) sensors, which do not require the simultaneous presence of oxygen. In addition, modern analysers which can measure carbon monoxide concentrations of 2000ppm or more offer distinct advantages when monitoring incidents of self-heating.
Source: The Swedish Club
About The Swedish Club
The Swedish Club is a leading marine mutual insurer, headquartered in Gothenburg, Sweden, and with offices in some of the world's strategic shipping centres. The Swedish Club is a true mutual organisation with focus on marine safety and loss prevention.
Established in 1872, it is owned and self-managed and under the direct control of its members. All strategic decisions are taken by a Board of Directors drawn from the members.
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Thursday, 14 July 16
SHIPPING'S HALF YEAR REPORT - 'MUST DO BETTER' - CLARKSONS
It’s the time of year, with the school holidays and end of term approaching, that many pupils will nervously take home their school reports t ...
Wednesday, 13 July 16
EIA FORECASTS U.S. COAL EXPORTS TO DECLINE BY 15 MMST IN 2016 AND BY 4 MMST IN 2017
COALspot.com: U.S. coal production in June was 57 million short tons (MMst), a 6 MMst (13%) increase from May and 9 MMst (14%) lower than in June 2 ...
Wednesday, 13 July 16
2015 VS. 2016; THE DRY BULK DEMOLITION DERBY - JOHN N. COTZIAS
In the first half of the year 373 Bulkers and General Cargo ships were scrapped representing 23.8mil tons of dwt carrying capacity.
Comparing ...
Tuesday, 12 July 16
DUE TO LONG HOLIDAYS, CS COAL INDICES HELD AT THE SAME LEVEL OF THE PREVIOUS WEEK
COALspot.com: Average 5000 GAR coal index of Indonesian origin was flat week over week to averaging $39.98 per ton this past week.
Due to the ...
Monday, 11 July 16
COAL MARKETS SAW IMPROVED PRICES IN H1 2016 - SGX'S COMMODITIES MID-YEAR REFLECTION
COALspot.com: Coal
Coal markets saw improved prices in H1 2016 with the benchmark coking coal and thermal coal spot prices rising 18% and 25%, re ...
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- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- White Energy Company Limited
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Australian Coal Association
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- PTC India Limited - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
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