We welcome article submissions from experts in the areas of coal, mining,
shipping, etc.
To Submit your article please click here.
|
|
|
Friday, 13 May 16
COAL CARGOES - SOME RECENT DEVELOPMENTS: SWEDISH CLUB
 KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Indonesia continues to be amongst the world’s major exporters of coal, some 426Mt being traded in 2013 mostly to India and China. The potential problems associated with coals from Indonesia are now well known to the shipping community and typically stem from a propensity of the material to self-heat, leading potentially to “spontaneous combustion”. Incidents continue to occur with barges of coal being presented for loading with stows that are evolving steam or even on fire.
Experience has enabled advice to be provided on how to manage such situations both by attending loading and discharge, or by advising remotely. More recently, however, incidents have occurred where gas readings have shown that coal already loaded exhibits not only self-heating characteristics but also significant methane emission. It may be the case that such cargoes are commercially selected blends of different mined products because coals with these two different properties are typically geologically distinct. The IMO International Maritime Solid Bulk Code entry for coal provides clear guidance as to how to deal with coals with either one property but the guidance is less clear if both are apparent. Moreover, the basic strategy for dealing with self-heating is to starve the coal of oxygen (i.e. air) by sealing the hatch covers and other openings, whereas for methane emission the strategy is to provide ventilation – the exact opposite. Such incidents, therefore, call for very careful management and the need for expert advice.
On board monitoring of coal cargoes in such situations relies to a very high degree on taking accurate gas readings, using equipment of the type specified in the IMSBC Code capable of measuring the concentrations of methane, oxygen and carbon monoxide. Although under “normal conditions” the Code indicates that one set of measurements per day is sufficient, if problems occur then in the initial stages this frequency might be considerably increased, perhaps to every two or three hours in order to monitor the conditions developing in the holds and the effectiveness of any actions taken.
The atmospheres that are sampled under such conditions may contain high concentrations of carbon monoxide and flammable gases (including methane) and virtually no oxygen. Experience shows that some sensors in gas detectors repeatedly exposed to such extremes may eventually not provide accurate readings or may fail altogether, although modern sensors may be somewhat less prone to these effects. In addition, the readings obtained from different instruments at the same time are rarely identical and sometimes vary greatly. As an extreme example, in a recent case it was found that two different gas analysers, both within their calibration dates and both ostensibly working normally, on occasion gave readings from the same location that were an order of magnitude apart. Clearly this could have a major effect on decision making.
On the same topic, at the 94th session of the IMO’s Maritime Safety Committee in November 2014, a new SOLAS regulation was agreed (XI-1/7) requiring that on or after 01 July 2016 all vessels (of 500 g.r.t. and above) must carry portable detectors capable of measuring the concentrations of oxygen, flammable gases, hydrogen sulphide and carbon monoxide along with the additional requirement that “suitable means shall be provided for the calibration of all such instruments”. It is hoped that by carrying calibration equipment, ship’s crews will be able more easily to identify when an analyser is not working correctly and needs to be serviced or replaced. Of course in many parts of the world technical facilities for the repair or replacement of analysers may not be immediately available. In the case of coal carriers loading in remote locations, Owners and Managers may thus wish to consider having a second calibrated analyser kept separately on board for back-up purposes.
When it comes to selecting suitable analysers, the IMSBC Code notes that the catalytic sensors used to measure methane concentrations (usually on the “%lel” scale) may not provide accurate results in atmospheres with a low oxygen content; “low” in this context typically being less than about 10%. This disadvantage can be overcome by the use of instruments that incorporate infrared (“IR”) sensors, which do not require the simultaneous presence of oxygen. In addition, modern analysers which can measure carbon monoxide concentrations of 2000ppm or more offer distinct advantages when monitoring incidents of self-heating.
Source: The Swedish Club
About The Swedish Club
The Swedish Club is a leading marine mutual insurer, headquartered in Gothenburg, Sweden, and with offices in some of the world's strategic shipping centres. The Swedish Club is a true mutual organisation with focus on marine safety and loss prevention.
Established in 1872, it is owned and self-managed and under the direct control of its members. All strategic decisions are taken by a Board of Directors drawn from the members.
If you believe an article violates your rights or the rights of others, please contact us.
|
|
Thursday, 14 July 16
SHIPPING'S HALF YEAR REPORT - 'MUST DO BETTER' - CLARKSONS
It’s the time of year, with the school holidays and end of term approaching, that many pupils will nervously take home their school reports t ...
Wednesday, 13 July 16
EIA FORECASTS U.S. COAL EXPORTS TO DECLINE BY 15 MMST IN 2016 AND BY 4 MMST IN 2017
COALspot.com: U.S. coal production in June was 57 million short tons (MMst), a 6 MMst (13%) increase from May and 9 MMst (14%) lower than in June 2 ...
Wednesday, 13 July 16
2015 VS. 2016; THE DRY BULK DEMOLITION DERBY - JOHN N. COTZIAS
In the first half of the year 373 Bulkers and General Cargo ships were scrapped representing 23.8mil tons of dwt carrying capacity.
Comparing ...
Tuesday, 12 July 16
DUE TO LONG HOLIDAYS, CS COAL INDICES HELD AT THE SAME LEVEL OF THE PREVIOUS WEEK
COALspot.com: Average 5000 GAR coal index of Indonesian origin was flat week over week to averaging $39.98 per ton this past week.
Due to the ...
Monday, 11 July 16
COAL MARKETS SAW IMPROVED PRICES IN H1 2016 - SGX'S COMMODITIES MID-YEAR REFLECTION
COALspot.com: Coal
Coal markets saw improved prices in H1 2016 with the benchmark coking coal and thermal coal spot prices rising 18% and 25%, re ...
|
|
|
Showing 2361 to 2365 news of total 6871 |
|
 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
 |
|
|
| |
|
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- PTC India Limited - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Planning Commission, India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Australian Coal Association
- MS Steel International - UAE
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- The University of Queensland
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
|
| |
| |
|
